"DMARC, which stands for "Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance", is a technical specification created by a group of organizations that want to help reduce the potential for email-based abuse by solving a couple of long-standing operational, deployment, and reporting issues related to email authentication protocols. DMARC standardizes how email receivers perform email authentication using the well-known SPF and DKIM mechanisms. This means that senders will experience consistent authentication results for their messages at AOL, Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo! and any other email receiver implementing DMARC. We hope this will encourage senders to more broadly authenticate their outbound email which can make email a more reliable way to communicate."

Serious Economic Crime - A boardroom guide to prevention and compliance, January 2012 [312 pages, UK government]

"The NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework offers a working taxonomy and common lexicon that can be overlaid onto any organization's existing occupational structure. Although much work has gone into this framework, we need to ensure that it can be adopted and used across the nation. We are actively seeking to refine this framework with input from every sector of our nation's cybersecurity stakeholders. You are an integral part of this process. NICE requests that you please contribute your expertise in the field of cybersecurity by reviewing the NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework document and providing your public comments using the comments template."

• Interactive Cybersecurity Workforce Framework
  
• Summary of Cybersecurity Framework
  
• Cybersecurity Framework Comments Template

"Google’s Good to Know campaign aims to help people stay safe on the Internet and manage the information they share online. The website and ads provide easy to use tips and advice on online security, help on understanding the data users share and tools they can use to manage their data. Written in clear language and featuring practical examples to illustrate complex security and privacy issues, the website and advertising campaign aim to empower users to tackle their online security concerns and make more informed decisions about their internet use. The U.S. campaign includes adverts in newspapers, on public transport and online. Download all print ads – (PDF)."

January 15, 2012 - "Subject: Information on the Zappos.com site - please create a new password. First, the bad news: We are writing to let you know that there may have been illegal and unauthorized access to some of your customer account information on Zappos.com, including one or more of the following: your name, e-mail address, billing and shipping addresses, phone number, the last four digits of your credit card number (the standard information you find on receipts), and/or your cryptographically scrambled password (but not your actual password). THE BETTER NEWS: The database that stores your critical credit card and other payment data was NOT affected or accessed. SECURITY PRECAUTIONS: For your protection and to prevent unauthorized access, we have expired and reset your password so you can create a new password. Please follow the instructions below to create a new password. We also recommend that you change your password on any other web site where you use the same or a similar password. As always, please remember that Zappos.com will never ask you for personal or account information in an e-mail. Please exercise caution if you receive any emails or phone calls that ask for personal information or direct you to a web site where you are asked to provide personal information. PLEASE CREATE A NEW PASSWORD: We have expired and reset your password so you can create a new password. Please create a new password by visiting Zappos.com and clicking on the "Create a New Password" link in the upper right corner of the web site and follow the steps from there. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. If you have any additional questions about this process, please email us at passwordchange@zappos.com"

Follow up to previous posting on ALA - PIPA, SOPA and the OPEN Act Quick Reference Guide, via the White House, Combating Online Piracy while Protecting an Open and Innovative Internet

"EPIC filed the opening brief in EPIC v. NSA, No. 11-5233, challenging the National Security Agency’s response to EPIC's Freedom of Information Act request. EPIC is seeking information about the widely publicized cybersecurity agreement between the NSA and Google that followed the January 2010 China hack. The NSA claimed it "could neither confirm nor deny" the existence of any information about its relations with Google. After the attack, Google's implemented encryption technology for Gmail by default, a privacy safeguard EPIC and technical experts had urged in 2009. For more information, see EPIC v. NSA: Google / NSA Relationship."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today sent a letter to the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the organization that oversees Internet domain names, expressing concern that the organization's plan to dramatically expand the domain name system could leave consumers more vulnerable to online fraud and undermine law enforcers' ability to track down online scammers. In its letter to ICANN, the Commission warned that rapid expansion of the number of generic top-level domain names (gTLDs) – the part of the domain name to the right of the dot, such as ".com," ".net" and ".org" – could create a "dramatically increased opportunity for consumer fraud," and make it easier for scam artists to manipulate the system to avoid being detected by law enforcement authorities. The Commission urged ICANN – before approving any new gTLD applications – to take additional steps to protect consumers, including starting with a pilot program to work out potential problems."

"The Blueprint for a Secure Cyber Future builds on the Department of Homeland Security Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report’s strategic framework by providing a clear path to create a safe, secure, and resilient cyber environment for the homeland security enterprise. With this guide, stakeholders at all levels of government, the private sector, and our international partners can work together to develop the cybersecurity capabilities that are key to our economy, national security, and public health and safety. The Blueprint describes two areas of action: Protecting our Critical Information Infrastructure Today and Building a Stronger Cyber Ecosystem for Tomorrow. The Blueprint is designed to protect our most vital systems and assets and, over time, drive fundamental change in the way people and devices work together to secure cyberspace. The integration of privacy and civil liberties protections into the Department’s cybersecurity activities is fundamental to safeguarding and securing cyberspace."

"Accuvant LABS has just released some new research that compares the security of three of the most widely used web browsers – Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Google commissioned Accuvant to perform this comprehensive and independently designed security analysis to help advance the discussion of best practices in the security community. Our research findings are extremely thorough and complete, so we decided to create this blog to summarize the results. Malware, spyware and viruses are all too familiar to those who regularly surf the web. These malicious programs can lead to system pop-ups, slowdowns, account takeovers, credit card theft, identity theft, and the theft of personally identifiable information. While antivirus and anti-malware can help prevent an infection, the first line of defense is using a secure web browser. For a person that surfs the internet, comparing and contrasting the security of different web browsers is difficult. Marketing materials are available to the average user, but they often contain direct contradictions and the reader ends up wondering which web browser is the most secure. Our research aims to fix that problem. We compared browsers from a layered perspective, taking into account security architecture and anti-exploitation techniques. Like antivirus or anti-malware software, each provides an additional layer of defense. The nice thing is, when anti-exploitation technology prevents an attack, anti-malware and antivirus aren't needed. The idea is that it’s a lot easier to keep a fortress with a moat safe than it is to protect a beach shack."

The UK Cyber Security Strategy - Protecting and promoting the UK in a digital world, November 2011

Mapping the Mal Web - The world’s riskiest domains, by Barbara Kay, CISSP, Secure by Design Group and Paula Greve, Director of Research, McAfee Labs

News release: "The FCC is launching the Small Biz Cyber Planner, an online resource to help small businesses create customized cybersecurity plans. This is the result of an unprecedented public-private partnership between government experts and private IT and security companies, including DHS, NCSA, NIST, The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, The Chertoff Group, Symantec, Sophos, Visa, Microsoft, HP, McAfee, The Identity Theft Council, ADP and others. The online tool is available at FCC.gov/cyberplanner. By almost any measure small businesses have an outsized impact on our economy and it is critically important that small businesses, a vibrant engine for job and idea creation, are secure using the many broadband enabled tools they need to efficiently run their businesses. According to a survey released in October, 2011 by Symantec and the National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA), two-thirds of U.S. small businesses rely on broadband Internet for their day-to-day operations...This effort is part of an ongoing program to raise awareness about the cybersecurity risks to small businesses and to help these businesses become cyber-secure. Earlier this year, the FCC and a coalition of public and private-sector partners developed a cybersecurity tip sheet, which includes tips to educate business owners about basic steps they can take immediately to protect their companies. The tip sheet is available at FCC.gov/cyberforsmallbiz".

News release: "McAfee today released the McAfee Threats Report: Third Quarter 2011, which showed that the Android mobile operating system solidified its lead as the primary target for new mobile malware. The amount of malware targeted at Android devices jumped nearly 37 percent since last quarter, and puts 2011 on track to be the busiest in mobile and general malware history. Nearly all new mobile malware in Q3 was targeted at Android."

Evaluation Report - The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Unclassified Cyber Security Program - 2011. OAS-M-12-01 November 2011.

"Building, operating and securing the Global Information Grid (GIG) for the Department of Defense is a complex and ongoing challenge. The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (DASD) for Cyber Identity and Information Assurance has developed a strategy for meeting this challenge, which is available here: Build and Operate a Trusted GIG - Identity & Information Assurance Related Policies and Issuances - Developed by the DoD CIO, IIA Deputate. Last Updated: October 18, 2011. In the CIIA Strategy, the primary goal areas are as listed as follows:

• Organize for unity of purpose and speed of action (shortened to "Organize" in the chart).
  
• Enable secure mission driven access to information and services (shortened to "Enable" in the chart).
  
• Anticipate and prevent successful attacks on data and networks (shortened to "Anticipate" in the chart).
  
• Prepare for and operate through cyber degradation or attack (shortened to "Prepare" in the chart)."
  
• The Information Assurance Technology Analysis Center (IATAC) is a U.S. Department of Defense Information Analysis Center (IAC) sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), and Assistant Secretary of Defense Research and Engineering (ASDR&E). IATAC is hosted by Booz Allen Hamilton."

"The NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework offers a working taxonomy and common lexicon that can be overlaid onto any organization's existing occupational structure. Although much work has gone into this framework, we need to ensure that it can be adopted and used across the nation. We are actively seeking to refine this framework with input from every sector of our nation's cybersecurity stakeholders."

• Interactive Cybersecurity Workforce Framework
  
• Summary of Cybersecurity Framework
  
• Cybersecurity Framework Comments Template

The Socialbot Network: When Bots Socialize for Fame and Money -
Yazan Boshmaf, Ildar Muslukhov, Konstantin Beznosov, Matei Ripeanu -
University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada

Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for Information Systems and Organizations (NIST Special Publication [SP] 800-137)

DOE IG Evaluation Report - The Department's Unclassified Cyber Security Program – 2011, DOE/IG-0856 October 2011

All Your Clouds are Be­long to us – Se­cu­ri­ty Ana­ly­sis of Cloud Ma­nage­ment In­ter­faces - Juraj So­mo­rovs­ky, Mario Hei­de­rich, Meiko Jen­sen, Jörg Schwenk, Nils Grusch­ka, Luigi Lo Ia­co­no. In Pro­cee­dings of the ACM Cloud Com­pu­ting Se­cu­ri­ty Work­shop (CCSW), 2011.

This guidance provides the Division of Corporation Finance's views regarding disclosure obligations relating to cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents, October 13, 2011

Executive Order -- Structural Reforms to Improve the Security of Classified Networks and the Responsible Sharing and Safeguarding of Classified Information, October 07, 2011

Danger Room: "A computer virus has infected the cockpits of America’s Predator and Reaper drones, logging pilots’ every keystroke as they remotely fly missions over Afghanistan and other warzones. The virus, first detected nearly two weeks ago by the military’s Host-Based Security System, has not prevented pilots at Creech Air Force Base in Nevada from flying their missions overseas. Nor have there been any confirmed incidents of classified information being lost or sent to an outside source. But the virus has resisted multiple efforts to remove it from Creech’s computers, network security specialists say. And the infection underscores the ongoing security risks in what has become the U.S. military’s most important weapons system."

2011 Payment Card Industry Compliance Report - A Study Conducted By The Verizon PCI And RISK Intelligence Teams

News release: "Check Point® Software Technologies Ltd. announced the results of a new report revealing 48 percent of enterprises surveyed have been victims of social engineering, experiencing 25 or more attacks in the past two years, costing businesses anywhere from $25,000 to over $100,000 per security incident. The report, The Risk of Social Engineering on Information Security, shows phishing and social networking tools as the most common sources of socially-engineering threats – encouraging businesses to implement a strong combination of technology and user awareness to minimize the frequency and cost of attacks. Socially-engineered attacks traditionally target people with an implied knowledge or access to sensitive information. Hackers today leverage a variety of techniques and social networking applications to gather personal and professional information about an individual in order to find the weakest link in the organization. According to the global survey of over 850 IT and security professionals, 86 percent of businesses recognize social engineering as a growing concern, with the majority of respondents (51%) citing financial gain as the primary motivation of attacks, followed by competitive advantage and revenge."

Identity Theft - Trends, Patterns, and Typologies Based on Suspicious Activity Reports. Filed by the Securities and Futures Industries January 1, 2005 – December 31, 2010. Report released September 2011.

News release: "Stanford University’s Center on Longevity and the FINRA Investor Education Foundation have joined together to launch the Research Center on the Prevention of Financial Fraud, an interdisciplinary resource for law enforcement, government and research groups studying financial fraud. Financial fraud, ranging from Ponzi schemes to online phishing scams and work from home schemes, swindles Americans out of billions of dollars each year. While emerging technologies continue to fuel the expansion and reach of financial fraud, this joint initiative will support and consolidate scientific research and connect this research to practical prevention and detection efforts."

"Symantec Corp. announced the results of the August 2011 Symantec Intelligence Report, now combining the best research and analysis from the Symantec.cloud MessageLabs Intelligence Report and the Symantec State of Spam & Phishing Report. This month’s analysis reveals that once more spammers are seeking to benefit from fluctuations in the turbulent financial markets, most notably by sending large volumes of spam relating to certain “pink sheets” stocks in an attempt to “pump” the value of these stocks before “dumping” them at a profit. In a pump-and-dump stock scam, spammers promote certain stocks in order to inflate the price as much as possible so that they may then be sold before their valuation crashes back to reality. The spam for these scams tries to convince the prospective mark that the penny stock is actually worth more than its valuation, or that it will soon skyrocket. Most of these claims are either misleading or false. A successful pump-and-dump spam campaign will artificially drive up the price of the stock to a point where the scammers decide to sell their shares. This usually coincides with them ending the spam campaign, which in turn reduces the interest in the stock, helping to drive its valuation back to the original low price."

Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General, Improvements in Patch and Configuration Management Controls Can Better Protect TSA’s Wireless Network and Devices (Redacted) OIG-11-99 July 2011

Trends in Circumventing Web-Malware Detection. Moheeb Abu Rajab, Lucas Ballard, Nav Jagpal, Panayiotis Mavrommatis, Daisuke Nojiri, Niels Provos, Ludwig Schmidt. Google Technical Report rajab-2011a, July 2011

Revealed: Operation Shady RAT by Dmitri Alperovitch, Vice President, Threat Research, McAfee: "An investigation of targeted intrusions into more than 70 global companies, governments, and non-profit organizations during the last five years."

Haystack Logo...and how well hidden is YOUR needle?

Data-Enabled Government: How Well Is Our Personal Information Used and Protected? - HP Business White Paper

"Data (in)security is rapidly gaining consumer attention in major media. In 2011 major breaches at Sony, Epsilon and others have highlighted the risk consumers face from their data being compromised. Major corporations are now recognizing the urgency to implement strong and innovative security measures to ensure the security of their customers’ data. At the same time, both Apple and Google have seen stunning growth in the past few years and now dominate the smartphone market. Companies and app developers have leveraged these platforms to provide new mobile services, often bringing them to market very quickly. But what steps have the smartphone OS providers and app developers taken to secure the data on their customers’ smartphones? At viaForensics we believe in proactive forensics – applying the power of forensic methods proactively to improve digital security. With appWatchdog we utilize forensic techniques to investigate consumer mobile apps and understand what user data is stored and could be at risk. This white paper summarizes our findings for the first 100 tests, from November 2010 through June 2011."

Supplement to Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment

Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation -
John D. Moteff, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy, July 11, 2011: "This report discusses in more detail the evolution of a national critical infrastructure policy and the institutional structures established to implement it. The report highlights five issues of Congressional concern: identifying critical assets; assessing vulnerabilities and risks; allocating resources; information sharing; and regulation."

News release: "The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), in collaboration with the Tor Project, has launched an official 1.0 version of HTTPS Everywhere, a tool for the Firefox web browser that helps secure web browsing by encrypting connections to more than 1,000 websites. HTTPS Everywhere was first released as a beta test version in June of 2010. Today's 1.0 version includes support for hundreds of additional websites, using carefully crafted rules to switch from HTTP to HTTPS. HTTPS protects against numerous Internet security and privacy problems, including the search hijacking on U.S. networks that was revealed by an article published today in New Scientist magazine. The article, entitled US internet providers hijacking users' search queries, documents how a company called Paxfire has been intercepting and altering search traffic on a number of ISPs' networks. HTTPS can prevent such attacks."

News release: "Acting on recent data that reveals many consumers still aren’t protected by even basic antivirus software when banking online, McAfee today released an educational guide for banking safely on computers, tablets or mobile devices. According to Javelin Strategy & Research, in 2010 47 percent of household financial managers did not have antivirus software installed. Combining McAfee intelligence with the latest U.S. banking data from many top sources revealed that most consumers fall into one of three categories of online banking behavior, and that age tends to play a strong role in safety and security habits online. Most people’s level of confidence with banking online is associated with their overall comfort level online, including participating in such activities as shopping, searching, and social networking."

• Burma - UN and U.S. Agencies Assisted Cyclone Victims in Difficult Environment, but Improved U.S. Monitoring Needed, GAO-11-700, July 26, 2011
• Combating Nuclear Smuggling - DHS has Developed a Strategic Plan for its Global Nuclear Detection Architecture, but Gaps Remain, GAO-11-869T, July 26, 2011
• Cybersecurity - Continued Attention Needed to Protect Our Nation's Critical Infrastructure, GAO-11-865T, July 26, 2011
• Defense Management - Actions Needed to Improve Management of Air Force's Food Transformation Initiative, GAO-11-676, July 26, 2011
• Federal Workers' Compensation - Questions to Consider in Changing Benefits for Older Beneficiaries, GAO-11-854T, July 26, 2011
• Mutual Fund Advertising - Improving How Regulators Communicate New Rule Interpretations to Industry Would Further Protect Investors, GAO-11-697, July 26, 2011
• Value-Added Taxes - Potential Lessons for the United States from Other Countries' Experiences - GAO-11-867T, July 26, 2011

"While the Internet can be a safe and convenient place to do business, scammers are out there in "cyber world" targeting unsuspecting consumers. The Looks Too Good To Be True.com website was built to educate you, the consumer, and help prevent you from becoming a victim of an Internet fraud scheme. The website was developed and is maintained by a joint federal law enforcement and industry task force. Funding for the site has been provided by the United States Postal Inspection Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Key partners include the National White Collar Crime Center, Monster.com, Target and members of the Merchants Risk Council."

Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace, July 2011

"The purpose of this [June 22, 2011] Supplement to the 2005 Guidance (Supplement) is to reinforce the Guidance’s risk management framework and update the Agencies’ expectations regarding customer authentication, layered security, or other controls in the increasingly hostile online environment. The Supplement reiterates and reinforces the expectations described in the 2005 Guidance that financial institutions should perform periodic risk assessments considering new and evolving threats to online accounts and adjust their customer authentication, layered security, and other controls as appropriate in response to identified risks. It establishes minimum control expectations for certain online banking activities and identifies controls that are less effective in the current environment. It also identifies certain specific minimum elements that should be part of an institution’s customer awareness and education program."

Federal Register Volume 76, Number 125 (Wednesday, June 29, 2011)]

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission told Congress today during a hearing that to minimize the risk of identity theft or other harm, companies should employ reasonable safeguards to protect consumer information, collect only information for which they have a legitimate business need, and retain data only as long as necessary to fulfill the business purposes for which it was collected. The FTC also reiterated its recommendation that Congress pass legislation that would require companies to implement reasonable security practices and to notify consumers when there is a data security breach...The Commission expressed its support for federal legislation that would require companies to put reasonable data security policies and procedures in place, and to notify consumers when there has been a data security breach that affects them. The testimony notes that the Committee’s “Discussion Draft” of data security legislation accomplishes these key goals. The testimony highlights several other elements of the Discussion Draft, which gives the Commission authority to use the standard APA notice and comment procedures for rulemaking in connection with the legislation, provides for civil penalties for violations, and requires non-profit entities to adhere to the same data security and breach notification standards as for-profit entities."

A Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid: Enabling Our Secure Energy Future, June 2011

News release: "The U.S. Department of Commerce today released a report that proposes voluntary codes of conduct to strengthen the cybersecurity of companies that increasingly rely on the Internet to do business, but are not part of the critical infrastructure sector. The report, Cybersecurity, Innovation and the Internet Economy, focuses on the “Internet and Information Innovation Sector” (I3S) – these are businesses that range from small and medium enterprises and bricks-and-mortar firms with online services, to social networking sites and Internet-only business, to cloud computing firms that are increasingly subject to cyber attacks."

HM Treasury Review of the Money Laundering Regulations 2007: the Government response, June 2011

News release: "AVG Technologies, Inc. announced it will make its leading Family Safety software available for free in exchange for a 99 cent donation to the American Red Cross family relief efforts in Joplin, Mo. The move comes in response to research the company conducted and has released over the course of the year on early childhood technology usage trends, “Digital Diaries" and is complemented with the release of a first-of-its-kind e-book and mobile application for teaching very young children the basics of online safety, Little Bird’s Internet Security Adventure.” AVG CEO JR Smith is making appearances across the country today urging parents to consider introducing their child to Little Bird to help them learn about online safety....Roughly half of today’s children (ages 6-9) are regularly talking to their friends online and using social networks, yet 58 percent of their parents admit they are not well-informed about their children’s online social networks. The “Digital Playground,” the third stage of AVG’s year-long “Digital Diaries” research program, further reveals the increasingly digitally-literate group of 6- to 9-year-olds and their parents in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand to find that:

• More than half (51 percent) of 6- to 9-year-olds use some kind of children’s social network such as Club Penguin or WebKinz.
  
• Roughly one in five use email, and despite being underage, 14 percent are on Facebook, according to their parents.
  
• 47 percent of 6- to 9-year-olds talk to their friends on the Internet.
  
• Almost one in six 6- to 9-year-olds and one in five 8- to 9-year-olds have experienced what their parents consider objectionable or aggressive behavior online.
  
• American children average four hours online each week, slightly more than the worldwide average of 3.5 hours per week.
  
• 58 percent of parents admit they are neither well-informed nor understand their children’s online social networks.
  
• Only 56 percent of parents were certain their family computer has parental controls or safety programs in place."

Official Google Blog: "...Through the strength of our cloud-based security and abuse detection systems, we recently uncovered a campaign to collect user passwords, likely through phishing. This campaign, which appears to originate from Jinan, China, affected what seem to be the personal Gmail accounts of hundreds of users including, among others, senior U.S. government officials, Chinese political activists, officials in several Asian countries (predominantly South Korea), military personnel and journalists. The goal of this effort seems to have been to monitor the contents of these users’ emails, with the perpetrators apparently using stolen passwords to change peoples’ forwarding and delegation settings. (Gmail enables you to forward your emails automatically, as well as grant others access to your account.) Google detected and has disrupted this campaign to take users’ passwords and monitor their emails. We have notified victims and secured their accounts. In addition, we have notified relevant government authorities."

WSJ: "The Pentagon has concluded that computer sabotage coming from another country can constitute an act of war, a finding that for the first time opens the door for the U.S. to respond using traditional military force. The Pentagon's first formal cyber strategy, unclassified portions of which are expected to become public next month, represents an early attempt to grapple with a changing world in which a hacker could pose as significant a threat to U.S. nuclear reactors, subways or pipelines as a hostile country's military. In part, the Pentagon intends its plan as a warning to potential adversaries of the consequences of attacking the U.S. in this way. "If you shut down our power grid, maybe we will put a missile down one of your smokestacks," said a military official. Recent attacks on the Pentagon's own systems—as well as the sabotaging of Iran's nuclear program via the Stuxnet computer worm—have given new urgency to U.S. efforts to develop a more formalized approach to cyber attacks. A key moment occurred in 2008, when at least one U.S. military computer system was penetrated. This weekend Lockheed Martin, a major military contractor, acknowledged that it had been the victim of an infiltration, while playing down its impact."

G8 Summit of Deauville - May 26-27, 2011: "We discussed new issues such as the Internet which are essential to our societies, economies and growth. For citizens, the Internet is a unique information and education tool, and thus helps to promote freedom, democracy and human rights. The Internet facilitates new forms of business and promotes efficiency, competitiveness, and economic growth. Governments, the private sector, users, and other stakeholders all have a role to play in creating an environment in which the Internet can flourish in a balanced manner. In Deauville in 2011, for the first time at Leaders' level, we agreed, in the presence of some leaders of the Internet economy, on a number of key principles, including freedom, respect for privacy and intellectual property, multi-stakeholder governance, cyber-security, and protection from crime, that underpin a strong and flourishing Internet. The "e-G8" event held in Paris on 24 and 25 May was a useful contribution to these debates."

"White House officials released an international cyberstrategy here today that will help to build a “coalition of nations [with a] mutual interest in securing cyberspace,” Deputy Defense Secretary William J. Lynn III said...To realize fully the benefits that networked technology promises the world, these systems must function reliably and securely. People must have confidence that data will travel to its destination without disruption. Assuring the free flow of information, the security and privacy of data, and the integrity of the interconnected networks themselves are all essential to American and global economic prosperity, security, and the promotion of universal rights. Almost a third of the world’s population uses the Internet and countless more are touched by it in their daily lives. There are more than four billion digital wireless devices in the world today. Scarcely a halfcentury ago, that number was zero. We live in a rare historical moment with an opportunity to build on cyberspace’s successes and help secure its future for U.S. citizens and the global community. For these technologies to continue to empower individuals, enrich societies, and foster the research, development, and innovation essential to building modern economies, it must retain the openness and interoperability that have characterized its explosive growth. Underlying these are technical principles and effective governance structures that demand our support. At the same time, our networks must be secure and reliable; they must retain the trust of individuals, businesses and governments, and should be resilient to arbitrary or malicious disruption."

"...the Administration has transmitted a cybersecurity legislative proposal to Capitol Hill in response to Congress’ call for assistance on how best to address the cybersecurity needs of our Nation. This is a milestone in our national effort to ensure secure and reliable networks for Americans, businesses, and government; fundamentally, this proposal strikes a critical balance between maintaining the government’s role and providing industry with the capacity to innovatively tackle threats to national cybersecurity. Just as importantly, it does so while providing a robust framework to protect civil liberties and privacy."

• Read the fact sheet
  
• Read about the Administration’s Cybersecurity Accomplishments
  
• Read the text of the legislative proposal.

Via CDT - The Threat of Data Theft to American Consumers: "Two high profile data (Sony's Playstation and Epsilon) breaches have grabbed headlines lately because of their recency, data breach is a major longstanding problem for consumers, businesses and government. According to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, a staggering 600 million records have been breached due to the roughly 2,460 data breaches made public since 2005.5 According to a 2010 Ponemon benchmark study, the cost of data breaches to businesses – in terms of preventing, detecting, and notifying individuals of breach, as well as legal defense and lost business opportunities – have risen considerably over the past several years. Consumers whose personal information is lost or stolen in data breaches face increased risks of identity theft, spam and phishing attacks, reduced trust toward services on which they depend, and sometimes humiliating loss of privacy over sensitive medical conditions."

News release: 1E, the global leader in IT efficiency software today announced the results of an independent study of IT professionals in the United States and United Kingdom into software efficiency. The study, commissioned in association with the International Association of Information Technology Asset Managers (IAITAM) and the Federation Against Software Theft Investors in Software (FASTIiS) conducted by Opinion Matters, revealed that software waste is endemic in organizations today, preventing cost efficiencies and unnecessarily draining IT budgets....The results of the software efficiency study were broadly similar in both territories. The study found that just 8 percent of UK organizations and 9 percent of US organizations systematically reclaim unused software licenses to save money. Respondents cited concerns about user reaction, business risk and lack of tools as reasons against action; however, the report found a clear financial imperative for every organization to do so:

• Almost three quarters of organizations (UK=68; US=71 percent) admit to having software waste
  
• An overwhelming majority (UK=92; US=83 percent) have undeployed software licenses, more commonly known as shelfware
  
• Four fifths (UK=80; US=84 percent) agree that there is more than $100 worth of installed but unused software per PC
  Furthermore, the study found that:
  
• On average, at least 10 percent of all software purchased is destined to become shelfware – at a cost of between $145-155 per user per year for each organization
  
• The majority of respondents (UK=85; US=72 percent) feel that software asset management is too complex and over two thirds in both the UK and US (66 percent) find preparing for vendor audits challenging
  
• Half (UK=50; US=52 percent) of enterprises still use spreadsheets to record software licenses
  
• Approximately one in ten (UK=9; US=12 percent) still use paper-based filing systems, while some (UK=14 percent; US=12 percent) staggeringly even admitted to not having a process in place at all."

DOJ OIG: The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Ability to Address the National Security Cyber Intrusion Threat (Redacted Version), Audit Report 11-22, April 2011

Loving the Cyber Bomb? The Dangers of Threat Inflation in Cybersecurity Policy, Jerry Brito & Tate Watkins, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Apr 26, 2011.

EPIC: "Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) wrote to Attorney General Eric Holder asking that the Department of Justice open an investigation into the Sony PlayStation security breach. Sony recently informed PlayStation Network customers that an "unauthorized user" had obtained the personal and financial information of 70 million gamers, including minors. Blumenthal wrote that whomever hacked into the PlayStation Network violated the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. He also expressed concern about Sony's week-long delay in notifying users about the breach. In 2009, EPIC testified before Congress about the need to strengthen data breach notification laws, noting "in the absence of security obligations and breach notification requirements, it is too easy for firms to continue bad practices." For more information, see EPIC: Identity Theft.

News release: "The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) and Access have launched an international campaign for HTTPS Now, rallying consumers around the world to help us make web surfing safer. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) protects web surfing by encrypting requests from a user's browser and the resulting pages that are displayed, but many websites default to using the unencrypted and vulnerable HTTP protocol. The HTTPS Now campaign takes a three-pronged approach to protecting web surfing, including distributing updated tools for people to use to protect their web browsing, taking an Internet-wide survey of the state of HTTPS deployment, and helping website operators implement HTTPS. As a first step, individuals using the web are encouraged to install HTTPS Everywhere, a security tool for the Firefox browser developed by EFF and the Tor Project. HTTPS Everywhere automatically encrypts a user's browsing, changing it from HTTP to HTTPS whenever possible."

Declan McCullagh,Chief political correspondent, CNET: How police have obtained iPhone, iPad tracking logs

Best Practices for Keeping Your Home Network Secure, April 2011.

News release: "Data loss through cyber attacks decreased sharply in 2010, but the total number of breaches was higher than ever, according to the "Verizon 2011 Data Breach Investigations Report." These findings continue to demonstrate that businesses and consumers must remain vigilant in implementing and maintaining security practices. The number of compromised records involved in data breaches investigated by Verizon and the U.S. Secret Service dropped from 144 million in 2009 to only 4 million in 2010, representing the lowest volume of data loss since the report's launch in 2008. Yet this year's report covers approximately 760 data breaches, the largest caseload to date. According to the report, the seeming contradiction between the low data loss and the high number of breaches likely stems from a significant decline in large-scale breaches, caused by a change in tactics by cybercriminals. They are engaging in small, opportunistic attacks rather than large-scale, difficult attacks and are using relatively unsophisticated methods to successfully penetrate organizations. For example, only 3 percent of breaches were considered unavoidable without extremely difficult or expensive corrective action. The report also found that outsiders are responsible for 92 percent of breaches, a significant increase from the 2010 findings. Although the percentage of insider attacks decreased significantly over the previous year (16 percent versus 49 percent), this is largely due to the huge increase in smaller external attacks. As a result, the total number of insider attacks actually remained relatively constant.

National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace, Enhancing Online Choice, Efficiency, Security, and Privacy - April 2011

Presidential Policy Directive PPD-8, National Preparedness, March 30, 2011 [via FAS]

Via EPIC: "Epsilon, a large marketing firm, has lost the names and e-mail addresses of customers of Walgreens, JP Morgan Chase, Capitol One, Tivo, and other large companies. The firm announced the data breaches late last week. Data service providers, such as Epsilon, are not well known by consumers and are not typically regulated. Epsilon provides data analytics, targeting, profiling of customers, as well as e-mail tracking services. Previously, EPIC provided comments to the Federal Trade Commission and testimony to the United States Congress on the need for comprehensive privacy protection for customer data."

Symantec Internet Security Threat Report Trends for 2010, Volume 16, Published April 2011

"Federal Trade Commission Chairman Jon Leibowitz today issued the FTC’s 2011 Annual Report at the American Bar Association’s Section of Antitrust Law Spring Meeting in Washington, DC, highlighting the agency’s continued efforts to protect financially distressed consumers and promote competition during the economic downturn.

Enabling Distributed Security in Cyberspace - Building a Healthy and Resilient Cyber Ecosystem with Automated Collective Action, March 23, 2011

Smartphone Security - Survey of U.S. consumers, Ponemon Institute© Research Report, Sponsored by AVG Technologies, Independently conducted by Ponemon Institute LLC, Publication Date: March 2011

News release: "The Ponemon Institute proudly presents the 2010 U.S. Cost of a Data Breach, the sixth annual study concerning the cost of data breach incidents for U.S.-based companies sponsored by Symantec Corporation. The average organizational cost of a data breach increased to $7.2 million and cost companies an average of $214 per compromised record, markedly higher when compared to $204 in 2009. The study also found that for the second straight year organizations’ need to respond rapidly to data breaches drove the associated costs higher. The sixth annual Ponemon Cost of a Data Breach report is based on the actual data breach experiences of 51 U.S. companies from 15 different industry sectors."

You Have No Sovereignty Where We Gather – Wikileaks and Freedom, Autonomy and Sovereignty in the Cloud, Balázs Bodó - Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society, March 7, 2011

News release: "For the first time, industry groups and civil liberties interests have come together to advocate a comprehensive, common approach to cybersecurity. That approach is reflected in today's release of a cybersecurity white paper that rejects government mandates and advocates for a stronger partnership between industry and government. The 20-page white paper is a joint release from CDT, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Business Software Alliance, TechAmerica, and the Internet Security Alliance."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today released the list of top consumer complaints received by the agency in 2010. The list showed that for the 11th year in a row, identity theft was the number one consumer complaint category. Of 1,339,265 complaints received in 2010, 250,854 – or 19 percent – were related to identity theft. Debt collection complaints were in second place, with 144,159 complaints. The report breaks out complaint data on a state-by-state basis and also contains data about the 50 metropolitan areas reporting the highest per capita incidence of fraud and other complaints. In addition, the 50 metropolitan areas reporting the highest incidence of identity theft are noted."

ChronoPay’s Scareware Diaries: "If your Windows PC has been hijacked by fake anti-virus software or “scareware” anytime in the past few years, chances are good that the attack was made possible by ChronoPay, Russia’s largest processor of online payments. Tens of thousands of documents stolen and leaked last year from ChronoPay offer a fascinating look into a company that has artfully cultivated and handsomely profited from the market for scareware, programs that infiltrate victim PCs to display fake security alerts in a bid to frighten users into paying for worthless security software."

2010 Internet Crime Report, The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), February 2011

The Cost of Cybercrime: A Detica Report in Partnership with the Office of Cyber Security and Information Assurance in the Cabinet Office, February 17, 2011

"The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the Chief Information Officers (CIO) Council and the Chief Human Capital Officers Council's Workforce Development Subcommittee identified cybersecurity related occupations as high priorities for Governmentwide competency models. In November 2009, OPM initiated a Governmentwide study to identify critical competencies for cybersecurity work, working with the CIO Council and the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE). Subject matter experts provided key insights, and employees and supervisors across the Government completed surveys to paint a comprehensive picture of cybersecurity work. We are pleased to provide the attached Cybersecurity competency model to support your human resources initiatives. The competencies identified may be used in such agency efforts as workforce planning, training and development, performance management, recruitment, and selection. When used for selection, the competencies must be used in conjunction with the appropriate qualification standard."

10 Conservative Principles for Cybersecurity Policy, by Paul Rosenzweig, George Washington University School of Law; Posted FEbruary 10, 2011

Official Google Blog: "Has anyone you know ever lost control of an email account and inadvertently sent spam—or worse—to their friends and family? There are plenty of examples...that demonstrate why it's important to take steps to help secure your activities online. Your Gmail account, your photos, your private documents—if you reuse the same password on multiple sites and one of those sites gets hacked, or your password is conned out of you directly through a phishing scam, it can be used to access some of your most closely-held information...2-step verification requires two independent factors for authentication, much like you might see on your banking website: your password, plus a code obtained using your phone. Over the next few days, you'll see a new link on your Account Settings page."

2010 U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator Annual Report on Intellectual Property Enforcement, U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, February 2011

Federal Computer Week: "The White House's unclassified e-mail system is back up after an eight-hour outage, but the e-mail security problems may go deeper. It was disclosed February 4, 2011 that some officials alleged White House e-mails were the source of a cyberattack against British officials two months ago. Officials from the United Kingdom said today that alleged White House e-mail accounts were the source of a malware attack against U.K. government officials in late December, according to news report."

Computerworld via WSJ: "Federal authorities are investigating a computer intrusion at the company that runs the Nasdaq stock exchange, the Wall Street Journal reported Friday. According to the report, which cites anonymous sources, Nasdaq OMX Group computers were compromised sometime over the past year, but the company's trading platform was unaffected. "So far, [the perpetrators] appear to have just been looking around," the Journal quotes one source as saying. Nasdaq OMX Group runs a number of stock exchanges, including the U.S. Nasdaq, and exchanges that trade in Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsinki, and the Baltic region. The investigation is being conducted by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation and the U.S. Secret Service, the report states."

Audit Report, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Monitoring of Power Grid Cyber Security, DOE/IG-0846, January 2011

Arbor Networks' Sixth Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report

News release: "At the request of the Federal Trade Commission, a federal court has frozen the assets of corporations and an individual behind a far-reaching Internet enterprise that allegedly made more than $275 million by luring consumers into deceptive “trial” memberships, and bogus government-grant and money-making schemes. The court froze the assets of 61 corporations (collectively known as “I Works”) and their alleged ringleader, Jeremy Johnson. It placed these defendants’ assets under the control of a court-supervised receiver to help ensure that funds are available for consumer restitution when the case is concluded. In December 2010, the FTC alleged that I Works lured consumers into “trial” memberships for bogus government-grant and money-making schemes, and then repeatedly charged monthly fees for these and other memberships the consumers never ordered. According to the FTC’s complaint, the operation used websites that pitch various money-making programs or tout the availability of government grants to pay personal expenses."

National Security Cyberspace Institute - Federal Government Cybersecurity Progress: Obama Administration Report Card 2009-Present

The Man Who Spilled the Secrets: "The collaboration between WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, the Web’s notorious information anarchist, and some of the world’s most respected news organizations began at The Guardian, a nearly 200-year-old British paper. What followed was a clash of civilizations—and ambitions—as Guardian editors and their colleagues at The New York Times and other media outlets struggled to corral a whistle-blowing stampede amid growing distrust and anger. With Assange detained in the U.K., the author reveals the story behind the headlines." By Sarah Ellison

Follow up to Critical Undersea Internet Cables Damaged Between Europe and Mideast, this related commentary, Undersea Cables: The Achilles Heel of our Economies, by Franz-Stefan Gady

"On January 10, 2011, the EastWest Institute released a report detailing the results of the First Worldwide Cybersecurity Summit: Protecting the Digital Economy, and outlining the cybersecurity initiative’s next steps as it prepares for the Second Worldwide Cybersecurity Summit in London on June 1-2. At the summit, held from May 3 to 5, 2010 in Dallas, Texas, EWI brought together over 400 technical experts, policy elites and national security officials from the Cyber40, an informal grouping of the world’s most digitally-advanced countries—among others, the United States, China, India, Russia and Estonia. Participants worked to identify problems facing crucial sectors of the Internet, such as financial services and essential government services, and forge concrete solutions to protect the world’s digital infrastructure."

News release: "At a forum with Silicon Valley business and academic leaders at Stanford University, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke and White House Cybersecurity Coordinator Howard A. Schmidt announced plans to create a National Program Office to help foster an environment in which sensitive online transactions can be carried out with greater levels of trust. The National Program Office, to be established within the Department of Commerce, would coordinate federal activities needed to implement the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC), an Obama administration initiative aimed at establishing identity solutions and privacy-enhancing technologies that will make the online environment more secure and convenient for consumers. The national office would serve as the point of contact to bring the public and private sectors together to meet this challenge."

News release: "Most Federal employees go beyond baseline IT security requirements, according to a new survey by the Government Business Council, the research division of Government Executive Media Group, and CDW Government LLC (CDW-G), a leading provider of technology solutions to government, education and healthcare customers. While 97 percent of Federal employees are required by their agencies to use authentication measures such as passwords, security tokens and biometric identifiers, most take still more security precautions to protect agency data. Respondents noted that they proactively lock their screens when they are away from their computers and only use secure network connections and agency-issued machines to further secure information...The survey, underwritten by CDW-G in partnership with HP, conducted in September 2010, captured the views of 230 randomly selected Federal defense and civilian decision makers."

Top Issues Facing Social Security Administration Management - Fiscal Year 2011, December 2010

Help Net: "In October Commtouch reported an 18% drop in global spam levels (comparing September and October). This was largely attributed to the closure of Spamit around the end of September. Spamit is the organization allegedly behind a fair percentage of the worlds pharmacy spam. Analysis of the spam trends to date reveals a further drop in the amounts of spam sent during Q4 2010. December’s daily average was around 30% less than September’s. The average spam level for the quarter was 83% down from 88% in Q3 2010. The beginning of December saw a low of nearly 74%."

"The Berkman Center for Internet & Society is pleased to share a new report, Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Against Independent Media and Human Rights Sites by Ethan Zuckerman, Hal Roberts, Ryan McGrady, Jillian York, John Palfrey

Escaping from Microsoft’s Protected Mode Internet Explorer - Evaluating a potential security boundary, November 2010

Following WikiLeaks Releases Secret US Embassy Cables, confirmation that China hacked Google's source code - see also related information on this issue from TechCrunch.

Holiday Shopping Tips: "This holiday season the FBI reminds shoppers that cyber criminals aggressively create new ways to steal money and personal information. Scammers use many techniques to fool potential victims, including conducting fraudulent auction sales, reshipping merchandise purchased with stolen credit cards, and selling fraudulent or stolen gift cards through auction sites at discounted prices...If you have received a scam email, please notify the IC3 by filing a complaint at http://www.IC3.gov. For more information on e-scams, please visit the FBI's New E-Scams and Warnings webpage at http://www.fbi.gov/cyberinvest/escams.htm."

News release: "The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) has launched a new version of HTTPS Everywhere, a security tool that offers enhanced protection for Firefox browser users against "Firesheep" and other exploits of webpage security flaws. HTTPS secures web browsing by encrypting both requests from your browser to websites and the resulting pages that are displayed. Without HTTPS, your online reading habits and activities are vulnerable to eavesdropping, and your accounts are vulnerable to hijacking... This new version of HTTPS Everywhere responds to growing concerns about website vulnerability in the wake of Firesheep, an attack tool that could enable an eavesdropper on a network to take over another user's web accounts -- on social networking sites or webmail systems, for example -- if the browser's connection to the web application either does not use cryptography or does not use it thoroughly enough...Other sites targeted by Firesheep that now receive protection from HTTPS Everywhere include Bit.ly, Cisco, Dropbox, Evernote, and GitHub. In addition to the HTTPS Everywhere update, EFF also released a guide to help website operators implement HTTPS properly."

Identity-Related Crime: A Threat Assessment - A Report to the Attorney General of the United States and the Minister of Public Safety of Canada, November 2010

Follow up to Major International Hacker Pleads Guilty For Massive Attack On U.S. Retail And Banking Networks, this Sunday New York Times cover article, The Great Cyberheist, details the remarkable double life of a young man who received the "longest sentence ever handed down to an American for computer crimes."

Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring CyberAttacks: Informing Strategies and Developing Options for U.S. Policy, October 2010.

Google Confronts China’s “Three Warfares”, by Timothy L. Thomas. Parameters, Summer 2010, Vol. 40, No. 2, U.S. Army War College.

State Governments at Risk: A Call to Secure Citizen Data and Inspire Public Trust, September 2010

Identity Theft Trends, Patterns, and Typologies Reported in Suspicious Activity Reports Filed by Depository Institutions January 1, 2003 – December 31, 2009, released October 2010 by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy, October 2010.

News release: "This is National Protect Your Identity Week, and the Federal Trade Commission, the nation’s consumer protection agency, has information to help consumers, businesses, and law enforcement officials safeguard personal information and take action if an identity thief strikes.

• www.ftc.gov/idtheft is a one-stop national resource to learn about the crime of identity theft. Consumers can learn how to avoid identity theft – and what to do if their identity is stolen. Businesses can learn to help their customers deal with identity theft and prevent problems in the first place. Law enforcement officials will find resources that help victims of identity theft.
  
• www.YouTube.com/FTCVideos has short educational videos that help consumers learn more about identity theft, phishing, reducing spam, and protecting their computers against unwanted intrusions.
  
• www.onguardonline.gov/games lets consumers test their cyber smarts with interactive games on everything from phishing and computer security to social networking and e-mail scams.
  
• www.ftc.gov/freereports offers details about a consumer’s right to get a free copy of his or her credit report from each of the three national credit reporting companies, upon request, once every 12 months. Reviewing one’s credit report regularly is an effective way to deter and detect identity theft."

State of the Internet 2010: A Report on the Ever-Changing Threat Landscape, CA Technologies Internet Security Business Unit
Internet Security Intelligence Report, October 2010

WSJ: "Many of the most popular applications, or "apps," on the social-networking site Facebook Inc. have been transmitting identifying information—in effect, providing access to people's names and, in some cases, their friends' names—to dozens of advertising and Internet tracking companies, a Wall Street Journal investigation has found. The issue affects tens of millions of Facebook app users, including people who set their profiles to Facebook's strictest privacy settings. The practice breaks Facebook's rules, and renews questions about its ability to keep identifiable information about its users' activities secure. The problem has ties to the growing field of companies that build detailed databases on people in order to track them online—a practice the Journal has been examining in its What They Know series. It's unclear how long the breach was in place. On Sunday, a Facebook spokesman said it is taking steps to "dramatically limit" the exposure of users' personal information."

News release: [On September 22, 2010] the Federal Trade Commission told a Senate Subcommittee that it supports proposed legislation that would require many companies to use reasonable data security policies and procedures and require those companies to notify consumers when there is a security breach. In testimony before the Committee on Science, Commerce, and Transportation Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety and Insurance, Maneesha Mithal, Associate Director for Privacy and Identity Protection at the FTC told the Subcommittee that problems with data security and breaches affect a wide array of both businesses and nonprofit organizations..
The testimony states that the agency suggests three additional measures that could be included in the proposed legislation to protect consumers. First, the provision that requires that companies notify consumers in the event of an information security breach should not be limited to entities that possess data in electronic form; second, the proposed requirements should be extended so that they apply to telephone companies; and third, the Commission suggests that the bill grant the agency rulemaking authority to determine circumstances under which providing free credit reports or credit monitoring may not be warranted."

House Armed Services Committee: The Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities Subcommittee met to receive testimony on Operating in the Digital Domain: Organizing the Military Departments for Cyber Operations, September 23, 2010.

"The recent announcement that the Department of Defense (DOD) suffered a major compromise of classified military computer networks has renewed discussions about what more DOD and the government should do to operate in the digital domain. The establishment of U.S. Cyber Command and the announcement of a new cybersecurity strategy by Deputy Secretary of Defense William Lynn are important milestones, but more needs to be done....the Subcommittee is looking to discuss three main objectives for this hearing:

• Understand the planned organizational structure for the Military Services cyber component organizations, and how they will present forces to U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM).
  
• Understand Service challenges to recruiting, retaining and training a cadre of cyber operations professionals.
  
• Discuss initiatives supporting Service-specific requirements for cyber operations."
  
• Links to prepared statements are here, here and here

Hybrid Warfare, GAO-10-1036R, September 10, 2010

OIG-10-111 - DHS Needs to Improve the Security Posture of Its Cybersecurity Program Systems, September 8, 2010

News release: "The airline industry, already challenged by the worst economic crisis in a generation and a massive loss of business through the Icelandic volcano disruptions, is still losing millions of dollars to fraud. A recent survey conducted by Deloitte on behalf of the International Association of Airline Auditors (IAAIA) revealed that fraud is costing each airline an average of US$2.4 million annually. Compared to the cost of the volcanic ash drama, this may not seem a large amount, but combined with the knock-on impact on customer loyalty through unchecked fraudulent practices, it can add up to a much more serious problem. Our findings reveal that a third of airlines believe fraud to be a significant problem, and one that has increased in the past year. The results of the survey make intriguing reading for anyone working in the industry. The biggest threat today comes from credit card crime, which was highlighted in a similar survey conducted by Deloitte three years ago. Organized crime, weak technology controls, and the lack of resources to monitor fraud were given as additional risk factors, with some airlines saying staff training was also inadequate."

Interbank transaction data stripped from entities blacklisted by DOJ for money laundering: "Last week Britain's Barclays Bank became the latest foreign bank to be penalized hundreds of millions of dollars for allegedly helping US-sanctioned parties clandestinely move large sums of money through the American financial system. Barclays agreed to pay $298 million for allegedly helping clients in Iran, Cuba, Libya, Sudan and Burma by "stripping" international wire transfer messages, that is, by removing any reference to the sanctioned parties so that the US banks clearing the transactions did not know that a sanctioned party was involved and therefore did not block or freeze the transaction. As odd as it may seem, this practice appears to have been commonplace amongst European banks just a few years ago. The homeland security implications are staggering."

Cisco 2010 Midyear Security Report - The impact of global security threats and trends on the enterprise

Forbes: "The U.S. Department of Energy is in a class by itself, though. The agency receives more than 10 million attacks every day, according to Tom Pyke, the DOE's former CIO. That includes everything from simple scans all the way up to phishing attacks that attempt to use malicious code to take over. And it can be as sophisticated as any attacker--think government--can make it."

2010 Data Breach Investigations Report, A study conducted by the Verizon RISK Team in cooperation with the United States Secret Service

Cyberspace: United States Faces Challenges in Addressing Global Cybersecurity and Governance, GAO-10-606, July 02, 2010

News release: "The National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA), a public-private partnership focused on educating a digital citizenry to stay safe and secure online, today launched its National Cyber Security Awareness Month Web portal with information on events, activities, promotions and educational materials to be used in preparation for the online safety month to be held in October. Anyone – family, employers, consumers, teachers, and students – interested in online safety is encouraged to access the portal, and all materials are free to use."

[Federal Register: July 28, 2010 (Volume 75, Number 144)] [Notices][Page 44216-44223]: "The Department of Commerce's Internet Policy Task Force is conducting a comprehensive review of the nexus between cybersecurity challenges in the commercial sector and innovation in the Internet economy. The Department seeks comments from all stakeholders, including the commercial, academic and civil society sectors, on measures to improve cybersecurity while sustaining innovation. Preserving innovation, as well as private sector and consumer confidence in the security of the Internet economy, are important for promoting economic prosperity and social well-being overall. In particular, the Department seeks to develop an up-to-date understanding of the current public policy and operational challenges affecting cybersecurity, as those challenges may shape the future direction of the Internet and its commercial use, both domestically and globally. After analyzing comments on this Notice, the Department intends to issue a report that will contribute to the Administration's domestic and international policies and activities in advancing both cybersecurity and the Internet economy."

"EPIC Executive Director Marc Rotenberg testified [July 15, 2010]before the House Committee on Science and Technology regarding Planning for the Future of Cyber Attack Attribution. In his prepared statement, Mr. Rotenberg discussed "the risks and limitations of a mandatory Internet ID that may be favored by some as a way to address the risk of cyber attack." He explained how such a proposal would implicate human rights and online freedom, and questioned the constitutionality of such a measure. EPIC recommended that efforts continue to focus on improving security standards, deploying encryption, and requiring federal agencies to remain transparent as they develop cyber security policies."

• Overseas Contingency Operations: Comparison of the Department of Defense's Overseas Contingency Operations Funding Requests for Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011, GAO-10-889R, July 06, 2010
• Cybersecurity: Key Challenges Need to Be Addressed to Improve Research and Development, GAO-10-466, June 03, 2010
• Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) Program Faces Cost, Schedule and Performance Risks, GAO-10-758R, July 02, 2010

The Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative: "President Obama has identified cybersecurity as one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation, but one that we as a government or as a country are not adequately prepared to counter. Shortly after taking office, the President therefore ordered a thorough review of federal efforts to defend the U.S. information and communications infrastructure and the development of a comprehensive approach to securing America’s digital infrastructure."

Twitter Settles Charges that it Failed to Protect Consumers’
Personal Information; Company Will Establish Independently Audited Information Security Program: "Social networking service Twitter has agreed to settle Federal Trade Commission charges that it deceived consumers and put their privacy at risk by failing to safeguard their personal information, marking the agency’s first such case against a social networking service. The FTC’s complaint against Twitter charges that serious lapses in the company’s data security allowed hackers to obtain unauthorized administrative control of Twitter, including access to non-public user information, tweets that consumers had designated private, and the ability to send out phony tweets from any account including those belonging to then-President-elect Barack Obama and Fox News, among others."

The Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010 - This webpage links to facts sheets, summaries, comparisons and other relevant documents on this controversial legislation.

News release: "The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) today released its 14th edition of the SAR Activity Review – By the Numbers, which covers suspicious activity reports (SARs) filed in 2009. The report shows that the total number of all SARs filed by financial institutions declined from 1.29 million in 2008 to 1.28 million in 2009. This is the first time since 1996 that the total number of SARs filed declined over a one-year period. SARs filed by depository institutions declined for the first time from 732,563 in 2008 to 720,309 in 2009."

U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team Makes Progress in Securing Cyberspace, but Challenges Remain, OIG-10-94, June 2010

News release: "A report released by UN Office on Drugs and Crime shows how organized crime has globalized and turned into one of the world's foremost economic and armed powers. The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, released at the Council of Foreign Relations in New York, looks at major trafficking flows of drugs (cocaine and heroin), firearms, counterfeit products, stolen natural resources and people (for sex and forced labour), as well as smuggled migrants. It also covers maritime piracy and cybercrime."

Follow up to New Yorker: Julian Assange and WikiLeak's mission for total transparency news from two sources on converging aspects of leaking national security data via MSM and alternative news outlets.

No Secrets, by Raffi Khatchadourian: "[Julian Paul] Assange is an international trafficker, of sorts. He and his colleagues collect documents and imagery that governments and other institutions regard as confidential and publish them on a Web site called WikiLeaks.org. Since it went online, three and a half years ago, the site has published an extensive catalogue of secret material, ranging from the Standard Operating Procedures at Camp Delta, in Guantánamo Bay, and the “Climategate” e-mails from the University of East Anglia, in England, to the contents of Sarah Palin’s private Yahoo account. The catalogue is especially remarkable because WikiLeaks is not quite an organization; it is better described as a media insurgency. It has no paid staff, no copiers, no desks, no office. Assange does not even have a home. He travels from country to country, staying with supporters, or friends of friends—as he once put it to me, “I’m living in airports these days.” He is the operation’s prime mover, and it is fair to say that WikiLeaks exists wherever he does. At the same time, hundreds of volunteers from around the world help maintain the Web site’s complicated infrastructure; many participate in small ways, and between three and five people dedicate themselves to it full time. Key members are known only by initials—M, for instance—even deep within WikiLeaks, where communications are conducted by encrypted online chat services. The secretiveness stems from the belief that a populist intelligence operation with virtually no resources, designed to publicize information that powerful institutions do not want public, will have serious adversaries."

FT.com: "Google is phasing out the internal use of Microsoft’s ubiquitous Windows operating system because of security concerns, according to several Google employees. The directive to move to other operating systems began in earnest in January, after Google’s Chinese operations were hacked, and could effectively end the use of Windows at Google, which employs more than 10,000 workers internationally."

EPIC: "A new White House memo sets out the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA) standards for federal agencies. All agencies must comply with the FISMA standard and report security practices for information under agency control. The standard also extends obligations to agency contractors. By November 15, 2010, all agencies must be capable of monitoring all information traffic on their networks; and make reports to CyberScope, a platform launched last year to provide a single government-wide security management tool for FISMA reports. The Memorandum included requirements to respond to breaches of personal information. Agency Inspectors General will provide oversight of agency FISMA compliance."

"The Symantec Internet Security Threat Report provides an annual overview and detailed analysis of Internet threat activity, malicious code, and known vulnerabilities. The report also discusses trends in phishing, spam and observed activities on underground economy servers...report sathe ys the U.S. was top country for malicious activity, making up 19% total."

• Internet Security Threat Report: Volume XV: April 2010
  
• Executive Summary: April 2010

Global Cyber Deterrence - Views from China, the U.S., Russia, India, and Norway by Tang Lan, Zhang Xin, Harry D. Raduege, Jr., Dmitry I. Grigoriev, Pavan Duggal, and Stein Schjølberg. Edited by Andrew Nagorski. April 2010

Follow up to Google Announces "A new approach to China", from the New York Times: "Ever since Google disclosed in January that Internet intruders had stolen information from its computers, the exact nature and extent of the theft has been a closely guarded company secret. But a person with direct knowledge of the investigation now says that the losses included one of Google’s crown jewels, a password system that controls access by millions of users worldwide to almost all of the company’s web services, including e-mail and business applications."

NIST Special Publication 800-122, Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Erika McCallister, Tim Grance, Karen Scarfone, April 2010.

"How well prepared are IT professionals within U.S. government agencies to respond to foreign cyber threats? Will government initiatives, such as the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative and the creation of the U.S. National Cybersecurity Coordinator role, be effective in addressing the challenges facing U.S. critical IT infrastructure? What is the impact of compliance on security within the federal IT environment? Commissioned by Lumension, Clarus Research Group set about to answer these and other important questions facing federal IT in Lumension’s Federal Cyber Security Outlook for 2010: National IT Security Challenges Mounting study. Clarus Research Group interviewed over 200 federal IT decision-makers and influencers about endpoint operations, IT security and compliance issues."

"This report [by the Committee on Deterring Cyberattacks; National Research Council] is the first phase of a larger project to conduct a broad, multidisciplinary examination of deterrence strategies and their possible utility to the U.S. government in its policies toward preventing cyberattacks. This first phase identifies the key issues and questions that merit examination. The next phase will engage experts to prepare papers that address key issues and questions, including those posed here. This letter report provides basic information needed to understand the nature of the problem and to articulate important questions that can drive research regarding ways of more effectively preventing, discouraging, and inhibiting hostile activity against important U.S. information systems and networks."

Information Warfare Monitor: "The Information Warfare Monitor/ (Citizen Lab, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto and the SecDev Group, Ottawa) and the Shadowserver Foundation announce the release of Shadows in the Cloud: An investigation into cyber espionage 2.0. The report documents a complex ecosystem of cyber espionage that systematically targeted and compromised computer systems in India, the Offices of the Dalai Lama, the United Nations, and several other countries."

Follow up to postings on security issues and erasing hard drive, from Gizmodoa detailed article with accompanying screen shots and product references: "With stories abounding of identity theft aided by information lifted from discarded storage devices, you want devices you no longer plan to use to have no usable information when they head out the door. Here's how to wipe them clean...When you erase/delete a file from your computer, it's not really gone until the areas of the disk it used are overwritten by new information. If you use the normal Windows delete function, the "deleted" file is sent to the Recycle Bin until the space it uses is required by other files. If you use Shift-Delete to bypass the Recycle Bin, the space occupied by the file is marked as available for other files. However, the file could be recovered days or even weeks later with third-party data recovery software. As long as the operating system does not reuse the space occupied by a file with another file, the "deleted" file can be recovered."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today reported to Congress that it is getting the word out about Internet safety for children by aggressively promoting a new booklet, Net Cetera: Chatting with Kids About Being Online, to schools, police and sheriff’s departments, and PTAs nationwide. Net Cetera explains to parents and their children how to deal with issues such as social networking, cyberbullying, using mobile phones safely, and protecting the family computer from badware. The booklet is practical, plain-language, and value-neutral, so all parents – regardless of whether they are technologically savvy – can use it to help their kids make better decisions about online behavior. It is the most recent addition to the OnGuardOnline.gov consumer education campaign, which helps people guard against Internet fraud, secure their computers, and protect their privacy."

Although many organizations do not report breaches on a timely basis, or in many instances, report them at all, the most recent Identity Theft Resource Center report reveals data protection remains a critical issue for organizations, especially financial services.

Follow up to Major International Hacker Pleads Guilty For Massive Attack On U.S. Retail And Banking Networks, this DOJ news release: "The leader of the largest hacking and identity theft ring ever prosecuted by the U.S. government has been sentenced to 20 years and one day in prison for his role in a series of hacks into a major payment processor and several retail networks, announced Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division Lanny A. Breuer; U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts Carmen Milagros Ortiz; U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York Benton J. Campbell; U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey Paul J. Fishman; and Director of the U.S. Secret Service Mark Sullivan."

News release: Prepared Statement of the Federal Trade Commission On Keeping Score on Credit Scores: An Overview of Credit Scores, Credit Reports and Their Impact on Consumers, Presented by David Vladeck, Director, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Before the Subcommittee On Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee On Financial Services, United States House of Representatives (March 24, 2010)

• Information Security: Concerted Response Needed to Resolve Persistent Weaknesses, GAO-10-536T, March 24, 2010: "Without proper safeguards, federal computer systems are vulnerable to intrusions by individuals who have malicious intentions and can obtain sensitive information. The need for a vigilant approach to information security has been demonstrated by the pervasive and sustained cyber attacks against the United States; these attacks continue to pose a potentially devastating impact to systems as well as the operations and critical infrastructures that they support."
• Joint Strike Fighter: Significant Challenges and Decisions Ahead, GAO-10-478T, March 24, 2010
• Veterans' Disability Benefits: VA Has Improved Its Programs for Measuring Accuracy and Consistency, but Challenges Remain, GAO-10-530T, March 24, 2010
• Recovery Act: Officials' Views Vary on Impacts of Davis-Bacon Act Prevailing Wage Provision, GAO-10-421, February 24, 2010

Cisco 2009 Annual Security Report Highlighting global security threats and trends: "The Cisco® Annual Security Report provides an overview of the combined security intelligence of the entire Cisco organization. The report encompasses threat information and trends collected between January and December 2009. It also provides a snapshot of the state of security for that period, with special attention paid to key security trends expected for 2010."

Official Google Blog: "On January 12, we announced on this blog that Google and more than twenty other U.S. companies had been the victims of a sophisticated cyber attack originating from China, and that during our investigation into these attacks we had uncovered evidence to suggest that the Gmail accounts of dozens of human rights activists connected with China were being routinely accessed by third parties, most likely via phishing scams or malware placed on their computers. We also made clear that these attacks and the surveillance they uncovered—combined with attempts over the last year to further limit free speech on the web in China including the persistent blocking of websites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google Docs and Blogger—had led us to conclude that we could no longer continue censoring our results on Google.cn. So earlier today we stopped censoring our search services—Google Search, Google News, and Google Images—on Google.cn. Users visiting Google.cn are now being redirected to Google.com.hk, where we are offering uncensored search in simplified Chinese, specifically designed for users in mainland China and delivered via our servers in Hong Kong. Users in Hong Kong will continue to receive their existing uncensored, traditional Chinese service, also from Google.com.hk."

News release: "The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), a partnership between the FBI and the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), released the 2009 Annual Report about fraudulent activity on the Internet today. Online crime complaints increased substantially once again last year, according to the report. The IC3 received a total of 336,655 complaints, a 22.3 percent increase from 2008. The total loss linked to online fraud was $559.7 million; this is up from $265 million in 2008."

News release: "FinCEN joins with other Federal, State and Local government agencies and consumer protection organizations to recognize the 12th Annual National Consumer Protection Week (NCPW), March 7-13. This coordinated consumer education campaign encourages individuals across the country to take full advantage of their consumer rights. FinCEN provides a number of special resources to educate consumers, and the financial institutions that serve them, of potential fraud and scam attempts. FinCEN's rules help consumers by requiring financial institutions to be on the alert for illicit activity. Requirements that a financial institution know its customers can help both to provide better customer service and to prevent that customer from becoming a victim of fraud."

News release: "MANDIANT, the information security industry’s leading provider of incident response and computer forensics services and solutions, today announced formal distribution of its inaugural M-Trends report at the U.S. Department of Defense: Cyber Crime Conference 2010 in St. Louis. M-Trends spans seven years of lessons learned on the front lines of intrusion investigations for the U.S. government, defense industrial base and commercial organizations. The 29-page report details malware capabilities and techniques and other highly complex and sophisticated attack schemes used by the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) across a breadth of organizations. Content presented in M-Trends has been derived by MANDIANT from unclassified environments and sanitized to protect victim identity and data."

• Cybersecurity: Progress Made but Challenges Remain in Defining and Coordinating the Comprehensive National Initiative, GAO-10-338, March 05, 2010
• Recovery Act: California's Use of Funds and Efforts to Ensure Accountability, GAO-10-467T, March 05, 2010
• Food Safety: FDA Should Strengthen Its Oversight of Food Ingredients Determined to Be Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), GAO-10-246, February 03, 2010

The Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative: "President Obama has identified cybersecurity as one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation, but one that we as a government or as a country are not adequately prepared to counter. Shortly after taking office, the President therefore ordered a thorough review of federal efforts to defend the U.S. information and communications infrastructure and the development of a comprehensive approach to securing America’s digital infrastructure In May 2009, the President accepted the recommendations of the resulting Cyberspace Policy Review, including the selection of an Executive Branch Cybersecurity Coordinator who will have regular access to the President. The Executive Branch was also directed to work closely with all key players in U.S. cybersecurity, including state and local governments and the private sector, to ensure an organized and unified response to future cyber incidents; strengthen public/private partnerships to find technology solutions that ensure U.S. security and prosperity; invest in the cutting-edge research and development necessary for the innovation and discovery to meet the digital challenges of our time; and begin a campaign to promote cybersecurity awareness and digital literacy from our boardrooms to our classrooms and begin to build the digital workforce of the 21st century. Finally, the President directed that these activities be conducted in a way that is consistent with ensuring the privacy rights and civil liberties guaranteed in the Constitution and cherished by all Americans."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission and other government agencies and national consumer groups are sponsoring the 12th annual National Consumer Protection Week from March 7-13, 2010. The event is a coordinated consumer education campaign that encourages individuals across the country to take full advantage of their consumer rights. This year’s theme, Dollars & Sense: Rated “A” for All Ages, highlights the importance of using good consumer sense at every stage of life, from grade school to retirement. In keeping with the theme, the consumer education campaign features a Web site with a page for kids and parents, as well as games, videos, and links other Web sites that teach practical lessons about the role of business and government in everyday life. The site, www.consumer.gov/ncpw, provides information that encourages people to take full advantage of their consumer rights, and promotes free resources to help people protect their privacy, manage money and debt, avoid identity theft, understand credit and mortgages, and steer clear of frauds and scams."

EPIC: "Ponemon Institute released its annual study identifying the top twenty companies that are most trusted for privacy. American Express was ranked first, earning the Most Trusted for Privacy distinction for the fifth year in a row. Facebook suffered several privacy missteps over the last year, including a recent change in privacy settings at the end of 2009, and as a result, failed to make the 2010 list. Google, however, returned to the Top 20, ranked at 13. The survey also produced significant findings regarding consumer attitudes towards privacy, including the finding that consumers feel they are losing control over their personal information. Further, the responses revealed that consumers’ fear of identity theft is the main factor for brand trust diminishment, while a company’s implementation of privacy features contribute to brand trust. Other significant positive factors were limits on the collection of personal information and online anonymity."

Directive-Type Memorandum (DTM) 09-026 - Responsible and Effective Use of Internet-based Capabilities, February 25, 2010

News release: "NetWitness, the world leader in advanced persistent threat detection and real-time network forensics, announced today that its analysts have discovered a dangerous new ZeuS botnet affecting 75,000 systems in 2,500 organizations around the world. The newly-discovered infestation, dubbed the "Kneber botnet" after the username linking the infected systems worldwide, gathers login credentials to online financial systems, social networking sites and email systems from infested computers and reports the information to miscreants who can use it to break into accounts, steal corporate and government information, and replicate personal, online and financial identities. NetWitness first discovered the Kneber botnet in January during a routine deployment of the NetWitness advanced monitoring solutions. Deeper investigation revealed an extensive compromise of commercial and government systems that included 68,000 corporate login credentials, access to email systems, online banking sites, Facebook, Yahoo, Hotmail and other social networking credentials, 2,000 SSL certificate files, and dossier-level data sets on individuals including complete dumps of entire identities from victim machines."

Security Labs Report Jul 2009-Dec 2009 Recap - "This report has been prepared by the M86 Security Labs team. It covers key trends and developments in Internet security over the last six months, as observed by the security analysts at M86 Security Labs. M86 Security Labs is a group of security analysts specializing in Email and Web threats, from spam to malware.
Key Points of this report:

2010 Identity Fraud Survey Report: Consumer Version

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today told the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation that the agency has stepped up efforts to protect consumers affected by the economic downtown, and that additional authority would make the agency even more effective. The testimony presented by FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz described the agency’s efforts to prosecute financial fraud and deception, including working with states to bring hundreds of cases against mortgage relief scams in 2009. The testimony also discussed the FTC’s rulemaking and consumer education initiatives, how additional authority will enhance the agency’s effectiveness, and the FTC’s perspective on recent proposals to create a consumer financial protection agency as part of a broader reform of the financial services regulatory system."

Annual Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Dennis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence, February 2, 2010

The quarterly APWG (AntiPhishing Working Group) Phishing Activity Trends Report analyzes phishing attacks reported to the APWG by its member companies, its Global Research Partners, through the organization’s website and by email submissions. APWG also measures the evolution, proliferation and propagation of crimeware drawing from the research of our member companies. In the last half of this report you will find tabulations of crimeware statistics and related analyses."

News release: Arab States define key ICT development priorities Broadband, digital broadcasting, open source software, Arab digital content and cybersecurity are main objectives. "The Arab States Regional Preparatory Meeting (RPM) for the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) World Telecommunication Development Conference 2010 (WTDC-10) concluded on Tuesday, 19 January in Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic, with delegates reaching consensus on regional strategies to foster the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs)."

• Information Society Statistical Profiles 2009: Arab States - "Over the past decade, the Arab States region has made significant progress when it comes to ICT access and use. In the mobile market, a number of national operators have expanded their services to customers across and beyond the region. Mobile telephony has grown at an annual rate of 55 per cent, reaching a penetration level of 63 per cent at the end of 2008. There are now 16 Internet users per 100 inhabitants, compared to only 4 in 2003. Nevertheless, compared to other regions, Internet usage, and particular broadband access, is still rather limited and out of the reach of most people in the region, in particular those living in rural areas."
  
• See also Presentation, Information Society Statistical Profiles 2009 Arab States, Damascus, Syria, 17-19 January 2010

News release: "McAfee, Inc. revealed [at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2010] the staggering cost and impact of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure such as electrical grids, oil and gas production, telecommunications and transportation networks. A survey of 600 IT security executives from critical infrastructure enterprises worldwide showed that more than half (54%) have already suffered large scale attacks or stealthy infiltrations from organized crime gangs, terrorists or nation-states. The average estimated cost of downtime associated with a major incident is $6.3 million per day. The report, In the Crossfire: Critical Infrastructure in the Age of Cyberwar, commissioned by McAfee and authored by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), also found that the risk of cyberattack is rising. Despite a growing body of legislation and regulation, more than a third of IT executives (37%) said the vulnerability of their sector had increased over the past 12 months and two-fifths expect a major security incident in their sector within the next year. Only 20% think their sector is safe from serious cyberattack over the next five years."

OPNAV NOTICE 5400, January 11, 2010: "Action will establish U. S. Fleet Cyber Command as an echelon II command to serve as the Navy Component Commander to United States Cyber Command upon its establishment. Interim reporting will be to United States Strategic Command. Command will provide for operational employment of the Navy's cyber, network operations, information operations, cryptologic and space forces, and serve as the Navy's Service Cryptologic Component Commander to the National Security Agency. U.S. Tenth Fleet. will be re-commissioned to control operations supporting U. S. Fleet Cyber Command.

Christian Science Monitor: "At least three US oil companies were the target of a series of previously undisclosed cyberattacks that may have originated in China and that experts say highlight a new level of sophistication in the growing global war of Internet espionage. The oil and gas industry breaches, the mere existence of which has been a closely guarded secret of oil companies and federal authorities, were focused on one of the crown jewels of the industry: valuable “bid data” detailing the quantity, value, and location of oil discoveries worldwide, sources familiar with the attacks say and documents obtained by the Monitor show. The companies – Marathon Oil, ExxonMobil, and ConocoPhillips – didn’t realize the full extent of the attacks, which occurred in 2008, until the FBI alerted them that year and in early 2009. Federal officials told the companies proprietary information had been flowing out, including to computers overseas, a source familiar with the attacks says and documents show. The data included e-mail passwords, messages, and other information tied to executives with access to proprietary exploration and discovery information, the source says."

"This 2009 Ponemon Institute 2009 Annual Study: Cost of a Data Breach - Understanding Financial Impact, Customer Turnover, and Preventive Solutions examines the costs incurred by 45 organizations after experiencing a data breach. Results were not hypothetical responses; they represent the cost estimates of activities resulting from the actual data loss incidents. This is the fifth annual survey of this issues. Breaches included in the survey included ranged from approximately 5,000 records to more than 101,000 records from 15 different industry sectors."

Global Risks 2010 - A Global Risk Network Report. A World Economic Forum Report in collaboration with Citi, Marsh & McLennan Companies (MMC), Swiss Re, Wharton School Risk Center, Zurich Financial Services. January 2010.

Official Google Blog:

Annual Report PandaLabs 2009

News release: "McAfee Inc. unveiled its 2010 Threat Predictions report. McAfee Labs believes cybercriminals will target social networking sites and third-party applications, use more complex Trojans and botnets to build and execute attacks, and take advantage of HTML 5 to create emerging threats. McAfee Labs also predicts 2010 will be a good year for law enforcement’s fight against cybercrime...Facebook, Twitter, and third-party applications on these sites are rapidly changing the criminal toolkit, giving cybercriminals new technologies to work with and hot spots of activity that can be exploited. Users will become more vulnerable to attacks that blindly distribute rogue apps across their networks, and cybercriminals will take advantage of friends trusting friends to get users to click on links they might otherwise treat cautiously. The use of abbreviated URLs on sites like Twitter make it even easier for cybercriminals to mask and direct users to malicious Web sites. McAfee Labs predicts that cybercriminals will increasingly use these tactics across the most popular social networking sites in 2010."

Security in the Ether - Information technology's next grand challenge will be to secure the cloud--and prove we can trust it. By David Talbot, Technology Review, January/February 2010 [Dan Mitchel]

News release: "Albert Gonzalez, 28, of Miami, pleaded guilty today to conspiring to hack into computer networks supporting major American retail and financial organizations, and to steal data relating to tens of millions of credit and debit cards, announced Assistant Attorney General of the Criminal Division Lanny A. Breuer, U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey Paul J. Fishman, U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts Carmen Milagros Ortiz and Director of the U.S. Secret Service Mark Sullivan. Gonzalez, aka “segvec,” “soupnazi” and “j4guar17,” pleaded guilty to two counts of conspiracy to gain unauthorized access to the payment card networks operated by, among others, Heartland Payment Systems, a New Jersey-based card processor; 7-Eleven, a Texas-based nationwide convenience store chain; and Hannaford Brothers Co. Inc., a Maine-based supermarket chain. The plea was entered in federal court in Boston before U.S. District Court Judge Douglas P. Woodlock. The case is one of the largest data breaches ever investigated and prosecuted in the United States."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission has launched its Web site and blog for National Consumer Protection Week 2010, which will be held March 7-13. Consumer.gov/ncpw, encourages people to learn about their rights as consumers, and promotes free resources to help them protect their privacy, manage money and debt, avoid identity theft, understand credit and mortgages, and steer clear of frauds and scams. The twelfth annual consumer protection week is a partnership between the FTC and other government agencies and consumer groups. This year’s theme, Dollars & Sense: Rated “A” for All Ages, highlights the importance of using good consumer sense at every stage of life – from grade school to retirement. The site for the event features a page for kids and parents, and highlights games, videos, and other Web sites that teach kids practical lessons about the role of business and government in their everyday lives."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today issued a Fraud Forum staff report that examines more effective ways to protect consumers from fraudulent schemes and focus the collective knowledge and experience of forum participants to fight fraud. The February 2009 Forum was attended by academics, consumer advocates, industry representatives, and state and federal law enforcers. The Fraud Forum Report summarizes information presented at the event during panel and small group discussions on a range of issues including: the psychology of scammers and their victims, fraud statistics, under-reported fraud, and the role of private industry in detecting and preventing fraud."

DRAFT Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules (Revised Draft): "The Revised Draft FIPS 140-3 is the second public draft of NIST’s proposed revision of FIPS 140-2. The Revised Draft was developed using the comments received on the first public draft, which was posted for public review and comment on July 13, 2007, and the FIPS 140-3 Software Security Workshop held on March 18, 2008. While the 2007 Draft proposed 5 levels of security, the Revised Draft FIPS 140-3 reverts to 4 levels of security as currently specified in FIPS 140-2. In contrast to the 2007 Draft, the Revised Draft also reintroduces the notion of firmware cryptographic module and defines the security requirements for it, limits the overall security level for software cryptographic modules to Security Level 2, and removes the formal model requirement at Security Level 4. Differences with the current FIPS 140-2 standard include limiting the overall security level for software cryptographic modules to Security Level 2, requirements for mitigation of non-invasive attacks at higher security levels, elimination of the requirement for formal modeling at Security Level 4, modified conditions for pre-operational/power-on self-tests, and strengthened integrity testing."

News release: "A new booklet released today by the Federal Trade Commission and other government agencies helps parents and teachers steer kids safely through the online and mobile phone worlds. Net Cetera: Chatting with Kids About Being Online was unveiled...by FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz, U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, and Federal Communications Commission Chairman Julius Genachowski."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission has issued a report to Congress examining how the agency has used the expanded law enforcement authority Congress provided in the U.S. SAFE WEB Act to protect American consumers since the Act was signed into law on December 22, 2006. The SAFE WEB Act authorizes the FTC to share information and work cooperatively with foreign law enforcement agencies to protect consumers from cross-border harm."

"The Federal Trade Commission [is hosting] a series of day-long public roundtable discussions to explore the privacy challenges posed by the vast array of 21st century technology and business practices that collect and use consumer data. Such practices include social networking, cloud computing, online behavioral advertising, mobile marketing, and the collection and use of information by retailers, data brokers, third-party applications, and other diverse businesses. The goal of the roundtables is to determine how best to protect consumer privacy while supporting beneficial uses of the information and technological innovation." Via EPIC, The second privacy roundtable will be held on Data Privacy Day - January 28, 2010 - at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law.

Implementing the Obama Cyber Security Strategy via the ISA Social Contract Model: "The Internet Security Alliance (ISA) report aimed at taking the Obama Administration’s Cyberspace Policy Review document to the next level. The report emphasizes the need to focus on the economics of cyber security."

"The United States is increasingly dependent on information and information technology for both civilian and military purposes, as are many other nations. Although there is a substantial literature on the potential impact of a cyberattack on the societal infrastructure of the United States, little has been written about the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. policy. Cyberattacks--actions intended to damage adversary computer systems or networks--can be used for a variety of military purposes. But they also have application to certain missions of the intelligence community, such as covert action. They may be useful for certain domestic law enforcement purposes, and some analysts believe that they might be useful for certain private sector entities who are themselves under cyberattack. This report considers all of these applications from an integrated perspective that ties together technology, policy, legal, and ethical issues. Focusing on the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. national policy, Technology, Policy, Law and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities explores important characteristics of cyberattack. It describes the current international and domestic legal structure as it might apply to cyberattack, and considers analogies to other domains of conflict to develop relevant insights. Of special interest to the military, intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland security communities, this report is also an essential point of departure for nongovernmental researchers interested in this rarely discussed topic."

"New research quantifies the primary factors driving the cost of a lost or stolen laptop. Learn from Intel IT’s best practices."

Global Fraud Report Annual Edition 2009/2010

• 401(K) Plans: Several Factors Can Diminish Retirement Savings, but Automatic Enrollment Shows Promise for Increasing Participation and Savings, GAO-10-153T, October 28, 2009
• Higher Education and Disability: Education Needs a Coordinated Approach to Improve Its Assistance to Schools in Supporting Students, GAO-10-33, October 28, 2009
• Human Capital: Monitoring of Safeguards and Addressing Employee Perceptions Are Key to Implementing a Civilian Performance Management System in DOD, GAO-10-102, October 28, 2009
• Next Generation Air Transportation System: FAA Faces Challenges in Responding to Task Force Recommendations, GAO-10-188T, October 28, 2009
• Critical Infrastructure Protection: Current Cyber Sector-Specific Planning Approach Needs Reassessment, GAO-09-969, September 24, 2009

Evaluation Report, The Department's Unclassified, Cyber Security Program - 2009. DOE/IG-0828 October 2009

News release: "ChoicePoint, Inc., one of the nation’s largest data brokers, has agreed to strengthened data security requirements to settle Federal Trade Commission charges that the company failed to implement a comprehensive information security program protecting consumers’ sensitive information, as required by a previous court order. This failure left the door open to a data breach in 2008 that compromised the personal information of 13,750 people and put them at risk of identify theft. ChoicePoint has now agreed to a modified court order that expands its data security assessment and reporting duties and requires the company to pay $275,000. In April 2008, ChoicePoint (now a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier, Inc.) turned off a key electronic security tool used to monitor access to one of its databases, and for four months failed to detect that the security tool was off, according to the FTC. During that period, an unknown person conducted unauthorized searches of a ChoicePoint database containing sensitive consumer information, including Social Security numbers. The searches continued for 30 days. After discovering the breach, the company brought the matter to the FTC’s attention."

Cyberdeterrence and cyberwar, by Martin C. Libicki: "This monograph presents the results of a fiscal year 2008 study, “Defining and Implementing Cyber Command and Cyber Warfare.” It discusses the use and limits of power in cyberspace, which has been likened to a medium of potential conflict, much as the air and space domains are. The study was conducted to help clarify and focus attention on the operational realities behind the phrase “fly and fight in cyberspace.” The basic message is simple: Cyberspace is its own medium with its own rules. Cyberattacks, for instance, are enabled not through the generation of force but by the exploitation of the enemy’s vulnerabilities. Permanent effects are hard to produce. The medium is fraught with ambiguities about who attacked and why, about what they achieved and whether they can do so again. Something that works today may not work tomorrow (indeed, precisely because it did work today). Thus, deterrence and warfighting tenets established in other media do not necessarily translate reliably into cyberspace. Such tenets must be rethought. This monograph is an attempt to start this rethinking."

National Identity Theft Prevention Week - UK's Fraud Prevention Service resources:

• Practical Guide To Identity Fraud Prevention For Business
  
• A Quick Reference Guide Leaflet
  
• Protecting your Information Checklist
  
• Personal Advice: A Quick Reference Guide Leaflet
  
• The Anonymous Attacker, A special report on
  Identity Fraud and Account Takeover, October 2009

FBI news release: "The largest number of defendants ever charged in a cyber crime case have been indicted in a multinational investigation conducted in the United States and Egypt that uncovered a sophisticated “phishing” operation that fraudulently collected personal information from thousands of victims that was used to defraud American banks. [October 7, 2009], authorities in several United States cities arrested 33 of 53 defendants named in an indictment returned last week by a federal grand jury in Los Angeles. Several defendants charged in the indictment are being sought this morning by law enforcement. Additionally, authorities in Egypt have charged 47 defendants linked to the phishing scheme. The United States government is extremely grateful for the extraordinary assistance provided by the Egyptian government in this matter."

"The U.S. is facing a cyber war. Foreign powers, criminal groups, hackers, and terrorist organizations have launched cyber attacks on the White House, Pentagon, State Department, and New York Stock Exchange; stolen data from the Pentagon’s fighter aircraft; and hacked into the nation’s electrical grid. There were millions of attempts to penetrate defense digital networks in 2008. In 2009, the General Accountability Office reported weaknesses in the capabilities of 23 of 24 federal agencies to detect or prevent cyber attacks. President Obama declared cybersecurity to be one of the nation’s most serious economic and security challenges. The federal government needs a coordinated, sustained effort to build the capability and caliber of the government’s cybersecurity workforce to combat these threats and ensure the nation’s safety. Booz Allen Hamilton and the Partnership for Public Service examined the state of the federal cybersecurity workforce by interviewing federal experts, examining public testimony and reports, holding focus groups, and surveying chief information officers (CIOs), chief information security officers (CISOs), and human resource professionals at 18 federal agencies. Results of this research were published in the study, Cyber In-Security: Strengthening the Federal Cybersecurity Workforce."

• Information Security: Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities Place Federal Systems at Risk, GAO-09-661T, May 5, 2009
  
• "Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano...kicked off National Cybersecurity Awareness Month by announcing the Department’s new authority to recruit and hire [up to 1,000] cybersecurity professionals across DHS over the next three years—established to help fulfill the Department’s broad mission to protect the nation’s cyber infrastructure, systems and networks."
  
• US-CET: Cyber Security Tips describe and offer advice about common security issues for non-technical computer users
Permanent Link

UK Cybercrime Report 2009

National Cybersecurity Awareness Month: "October marks the sixth annual National Cybersecurity Awareness Month sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security. The theme for National Cybersecurity Awareness Month 2009 is “Our Shared Responsibility” to reinforce the message that all computer users, not just industry and government, have a responsibility to practice good “cyber hygiene” and to protect themselves and their families at home, at work and at school. Americans can follow a few simple steps to keep themselves safe online. By doing so, you will not only keep your personal assets and information secure but you will also help to improve the overall security of cyberspace."

• How You Can Contribute to Cybersecurity Awareness
  
• Cybersecurity Awareness Events 2009
  
• Cybersecurity Resources

In following this January 9, 2009 memo, Legal Issues Relating to the Testing, Use and Deployment of an Intrusion-Detection System (EINSTEIN 2.0) to Protect Unclassified Computer Networks in the Executive Branch, this DOJ memo released September 18, 2009: Legality of Intrusion-Detection System To Protect Unclassified Computers Networks In Executive Branch - "Operation of the EINSTEIN 2.0 intrusion-detection system complies with the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution, title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, the Stored Communications Act, and the pen register and trap and trace provisions of chapter 206 of title 18, United States Code, provided that certain log-on banners or computer-user agreements are consistently adopted, implemented, and enforced by executive departments and agencies using the system. Operation of the EINSTEIN 2.0 system also does not run afoul of state wiretapping or communications privacy laws."

"reCAPTCHA is a free CAPTCHA service that helps to digitize books, newspapers and old time radio shows...A CAPTCHA is a program that can tell whether its user is a human or a computer. You've probably seen them — colorful images with distorted text at the bottom of Web registration forms. CAPTCHAs are used by many websites to prevent abuse from "bots," or automated programs usually written to generate spam. No computer program can read distorted text as well as humans can, so bots cannot navigate sites protected by CAPTCHAs."

News release: "Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Joe Lieberman, ID-Conn., and Ranking Member Susan Collins, R-Me., Sunday said the latest trend in cybercrime is directed at small to medium sized companies that have been robbed of both data and dollars...The thieves steal in amounts under $10,000 to avoid triggering a bank report required by anti-money laundering law. The malware is so well written that the traffic seems to be coming from an authorized computer – and possibly is a legitimate computer that has been commandeered. The money is then transferred to “money mules” who may have been recruited over internet job boards or who have posted resumes on a job listing serviceThe Committee will hold a hearing September 14, 2009, Cyber Attacks: Protecting Industry Against Growing Threats, to examine this new trend, and the Senators plan to introduce broad cyber security legislation later this fall that will improve cyber security in the private sector."

Follow up to August 1, 2009 posting - Alleged International Hacker Indicted for Massive Attack on U.S. Retail and Banking Networks - today's news release: "An international computer hacker pleaded guilty today to multiple charges relating to hacking activity and credit card fraud, announced Assistant Attorney General of the Criminal Division Lanny A. Breuer, Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts Michael Loucks, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York Benton J. Campbell and Director of the U.S. Secret Service Mark Sullivan. More than 40 million credit and debit card numbers were stolen from major U.S. retailers as a result of the hacking activity. Albert Gonzalez, 28, of Miami, pleaded guilty today to 19 counts of conspiracy, computer fraud, wire fraud, access device fraud and aggravated identity theft relating to hacks into numerous major U.S. retailers including TJX Companies, BJ’s Wholesale Club, OfficeMax, Boston Market, Barnes & Noble and Sports Authority. Gonzalez was indicted in August 2008 in the District of Massachusetts on charges related to these hacks."

"PandaLabs issued a release on the proliferation of identity theft malware during times of economic crisis. Our research found that the number of users affected by malware designed for identity theft has increased 600 percent this year compared to the same time in 2008. PandaLabs receives nearly 37,000 samples of new viruses, worms, Trojans and other types of Internet threats each day. Of these, 71 percent are Trojans, mostly aimed at stealing bank details or credit card numbers, as well as passwords for other commercial services. Between January and July 2009, PandaLabs received 11 million new threats, approximately 8 million of which were Trojans. This is in clear contrast, for example, to the average of 51 percent of new Trojans that PandaLabs received in 2007."

News release: "Albert Gonzalez, 28, of Miami, Fla., was indicted today for conspiring to hack into computer networks supporting major American retail and financial organizations, and stealing data relating to more than 130 million credit and debit cards, announced Assistant Attorney General of the Criminal Division Lanny A. Breuer, Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey Ralph J. Marra Jr. and U.S. Secret Service Assistant Director for Investigations Michael Merritt...The indictment, which details the largest alleged credit and debit card data breach ever charged in the United States, alleges that beginning in October 2006, Gonzalez and his co-conspirators researched the credit and debit card systems used by their victims; devised a sophisticated attack to penetrate their networks and steal credit and debit card data; and then sent that data to computer servers they operated in California, Illinois, Latvia, the Netherlands and Ukraine. The indictment also alleges Gonzalez and his co-conspirators also used sophisticated hacker techniques to cover their tracks and to avoid detection by anti-virus software used by their victims."

Remarks by Secretary Napolitano at the Global Cyber Security Conference, August 4, 2009: "We have to look at the landscape now; but, more important, we have to—I think—acknowledge amongst ourselves that in terms of cybersecurity we've been living in a cyber 1.0 world and we need to be cyber 3.0 and beyond. Because the minute we start talking about a particular methodology of cyber the cyber bad guys are already moving ahead. This is a very, very rapidly evolving environment in which real crime and real damage can occur."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission testified today before the U.S. Senate on its efforts to combat deceptive advertising in the face of rapid changes in health care, technology, and online marketing strategies. In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation’s Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance, David Vladeck, Director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection, described the Commission’s recent law enforcement and regulatory efforts addressing deceptive advertising."

News release: Javelin Strategy & Research released its Fifth Annual Card Issuers’ Identity Safety Scorecard, which analyzes the top 25 U.S. card issuers’ capabilities for protecting customers from identity fraud. To compile the report, Javelin incorporated data from annual household, consumer, and issuer surveys using Javelin’s Prevention, Detection and Resolution™ criteria to accurately reflect customer demands and trends in how issuers protect against fraud. The Javelin scorecard is a structured assessment of each issuer’s fraud protection services. The scorecard ranks features that best empower two major victims of the nation’s $48B identity fraud problem—cardholders and issuers—showing how to turn the tables on a worrying method of crime."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission testified before the U.S. Senate today on the agency’s campaign to crack down on scammers who are trying to take advantage of the economic downturn to push a variety of scams, such as phony job-placement and debt-reduction services, get-rich-quick schemes, and bogus government grants...In response to the rise in financial distress scams, on July 1, 2009, the Commission announced “Operation Short Change,” a joint initiative with 14 states, the Department of Justice, and other agencies that included more than 120 law enforcement actions."

PBS.org FRONTLINE - Ghana, Digital Dumping Ground: "When containers of old computers first began arriving in West Africa a few years ago, Ghanaians welcomed what they thought were donations to help bridge the digital divide. But soon exporters learned to exploit the loopholes by labeling junk computers "donations"...[What is on the hard drives from this junk PCs'?] There is private financial data...credit card numbers, account information, records of online transactions the original owners may not have realized were even there. Ghana is listed by the U.S. State Department as one of the top sources of cyber crime in the world. And it's not just individuals who are exposed. One of the drives the team has purchased contains a $22 million government contract. It turns out the drive came from Northrop Grumman, one of America's largest military contractors. And it contains details about sensitive, multi-million dollar U.S. government contracts. They also find contracts with the defense intelligence agency, NASA, even Homeland Security."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today announced a law enforcement crackdown on scammers trying to take advantage of the economic downturn to bilk vulnerable consumers through a variety of schemes, such as promising non-existent jobs; promoting overhyped get-rich-quick plans, bogus government grants, and phony debt-reduction services; or putting unauthorized charges on consumers’ credit or debit cards. Dubbed “Operation Short Change,” the law enforcement sweep announced today includes 15 FTC cases, 44 law enforcement actions by the Department of Justice, and actions by at least 13 states and the District of Columbia."

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Inspector General, Information Technology Audits Division - Incident Handling and Privacy Act Controls over External Web Sites, Final Audit Report, Redacted, ED-OIG/A11I0006, June 10, 2009.

"Corporate websites generally offer more innovative features than public-sector sites, largely because the private sector spends about a third more on websites, according to a Brookings Institution study, Comparing Technology Innovation in the Private and Public Sectors. The study, released in mid-June, compares the websites of leading U.S. corporations with state and national governments, grades their overall performance, and examines nearly two dozen features of digital innovation.

Using a 100-point scale, the study report concludes that corporations have the most innovative websites (65 points) and are trailed as a group by state government (54) and federal government (51). The top-rated site in the federal government category, USA.gov (92), equaled the score for the top-rated corporate site, WellsFargo.com. Other top-rated federal sites were USDA.gov, GSA.gov, USPS.com, IRS.gov, and ED.gov. Delaware.gov (83.7) was the top-rated state site, followed by the official websites of Georgia, Florida, California, Massachusetts and Maine. The report also revealed that public websites provide more security and are better at protecting privacy. Although federal government websites were the most accessible to users with disabilities, 75% percent of its websites were not completely accessible."

WSJ: "Defense Secretary Robert Gates created a new military command dedicated to cyber security on Tuesday, reflecting the Obama administration's plans to centralize and elevate computer security as a major national-security issue. In a memo to senior Pentagon officials, Mr. Gates said he intends to recommend that Lt. Gen. Keith Alexander, director of the National Security Agency, take on the additional role as commander of the Cyber Command with the rank of a four-star general."

• Broadcasting to Cuba: Observations Regarding TV Marti's Strategy and Operations, GAO-09-758T, June 17, 2009
• Identity Theft: Governments Have Acted to Protect Personally Identifiable Information, but Vulnerabilities Remain, GAO-09-759T, June 17, 2009
• Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellites: With Costs Increasing and Data Continuity at Risk, Improvements Needed in Tri-agency Decision Making, GAO-09-564, June 17, 2009
• Polar-Orbiting Satellites: With Costs Increasing and Data Continuity at Risk, Improvements Needed in Tri-agency Decision Making, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09772t.pdf, June 17, 2009
• Telecommunications: Preliminary Observations about Consumer Satisfaction and Problems with Wireless Phone Service and FCC's Efforts to Assist Consumers with Complaints, GAO-09-800T, June 17, 2009
• Troubled Asset Relief Program: June 2009 Status of Efforts to Address Transparency and Accountability Issues, GAO-09-658, June 17, 2009
• American Battle Monuments Commission: Management Action Needed to Improve Internal Control Procedures, GAO-09-714R, June 17, 2008

2009 Trust, Security & Passwords Survey Research Brief: "This global "snooping" survey is the third in a series of benchmark studies focused on identifying security and privacy trends among IT workers. Results are intended to raise awareness about the risks associated with powerful, and often unmanaged, privileged users and passwords. While seemingly innocuous, these accounts provide workers with "keys to the kingdom," allowing them to access critically sensitive information, no matter where it resides."

News release: "Six federal agencies issued a set of frequently asked questions (FAQs) today to help financial institutions, creditors, users of consumer reports, and issuers of credit cards and debit cards comply with federal regulations on identity theft and discrepancies in changes of address. The “Red Flags and Address Discrepancy Rules,” which implement sections of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, were issued jointly on November 9, 2007, by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), and Federal Trade Commission (FTC)."

OIG-09-66 - DHS' Progress in Addressing Technical Security Challenges at Washington Dulles International Airport (Redacted), May 2009

News release: "A rogue Internet Service Provider that recruits, knowingly hosts, and actively participates in the distribution of spam, child pornography, and other harmful electronic content has been shut down by a district court judge at the request of the Federal Trade Commission. The ISP’s upstream providers and data centers have disconnected its servers from the Internet."

White House: Securing Our Digital Future, Melissa Hathaway, Cybersecurity Chief at the National Security Council, discusses securing our nation's digital future.

• Defense Management: Observations on DOD's Analysis of Options for Improving Corrosion Prevention and Control through Earlier Planning in the Requirements and Acquisition Processes, GAO-09-694R, May 29, 2009
• Federal Reserve Banks: Areas for Improvement in Information Security Controls, GAO-09-722R, May 29, 2009
• Financial Audit: Senate Restaurants Revolving Fund for Fiscal Years 2008 and 2007, GAO-09-409, May 29, 2009
• Sponsored Noncitizens and Public Benefits: More Clarity in Federal Guidance and Better Access to Federal Information Could Improve Implementation of Income Eligibility Rules, GAO-09-375, May 19, 2009
• National Preparedness: FEMA Has Made Progress, but Needs to Complete and Integrate Planning, Exercise, and Assessment Efforts, GAO-09-369, May 07, 2009

"NIST announces that its working definition of cloud computing is available. Researchers worked in collaboration with industry and government to draft the definition that serves as a foundation for its research and future publication on the topic. Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model for enabling available, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Researchers are studying cloud architectures, economics, security and deployment strategies for the federal government."

News release: " The Online Trust Alliance (OTA) gave leading government agencies and online retailers a failing grade in preventing deceptive email and phishing scams based on its newly released analysis of email authentication adoption. While adoption has grown over the past year, OTA found approximately 56 percent of the top .gov sites – including Whitehouse.gov, FBI.gov, Treasury.gov and DHS.gov – still are not protecting U.S. citizens through the use of email authentication. At the same time, progress has been made by other government agencies including the Census Bureau, CIA, FDIC, VA and FTC."

• Top 25 Government Domains Report Card
  
• Internet Retailer 300 Report Card
  
• OTA email authentication resources

News release: "...the Online Trust Alliance (OTA) released its 2009 draft Online Trust Principles for public comment. The Principles are a major step toward establishing business practices that afford greater consumer online protection and the long term vitality of online commence and interactive marketing."

Review of Web Applications Security and Intrusion Detection in Air Traffic Control Systems, May 04, 2009

• Information Security: Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities Place Federal Systems at Risk, GAO-09-661T, May 5, 2009: "Cyber threats to federal information systems and cyber-based critical infrastructures are evolving and growing. These threats can be unintentional and intentional, targeted or nontargeted, and can come from a variety of sources, such as foreign nations engaged in espionage and information warfare, criminals, hackers, virus writers, and disgruntled employees and contractors working within an organization. Moreover, these groups and individuals have a variety of attack techniques at their disposal, and cyber exploitation activity has grown more sophisticated, more targeted, and more serious. As government, private sector, and personal activities continue to move to networked operations, as digital systems add ever more capabilities, as wireless systems become more ubiquitous, and as the design, manufacture, and service of information technology have moved overseas, the threat will continue to grow."
• Recovery Act: GAO's Efforts to Work with the Accountability Community to Help Ensure Effective and Efficient Oversight, GAO-09-672T, May 5, 2009: "GAO is carrying out its responsibilities to review the uses of Recovery Act funds and will also target certain areas for additional review using a riskbased approach. GAO’s first bimonthly report examined the steps 16 states, the District of Columbia, and selected localities are taking to use and oversee Recovery Act funds. These states contain about 65 percent of the U.S. population and are estimated to receive about two-thirds of the intergovernmental grant funds available through the Recovery Act. GAO’s report made several recommendations to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) toward improving accountability and transparency requirements; clarifying the Recovery Act funds that can be used to support state efforts to ensure accountability and oversight; and improving communications with Recovery Act funds recipients."
• Related postings on financial system

"The Symantec Internet Security Threat Report offers analysis and discussion of threat activity over a one-year period. It covers Internet threat activities, vulnerabilities, malicious code, phishing, spam and security risks as well as future trends. The fourteenth version of the report, released April 14, 2009, is now available."

• Via FAS: Unclassified - Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment, 7 April 2009. Prepared by the Extremism and Radicalization Branch, Homeland Environment Threat Analysis Division. Coordinated with the FBI.
• Via FOXNews: Unclassified - Leftwing Extremists Likely to Increase Use of Cyber Attacks over the Coming Decade, 26 January 2009, (U) Prepared by the Strategic Analysis Group, Homeland Environment and Threat Analysis Division.

"Cyberspies have penetrated the U.S. electrical grid and left behind software programs that could be used to disrupt the system, according to current and former national-security officials...But protecting the electrical grid and other infrastructure is a key part of the Obama administration's cybersecurity review, which is to be completed next week. Under the Bush administration, Congress approved $17 billion in secret funds to protect government networks, according to people familiar with the budget. The Obama administration is weighing whether to expand the program to address vulnerabilities in private computer networks, which would cost billions of dollars more. A senior Pentagon official said Tuesday the Pentagon has spent $100 million in the past six months repairing cyber damage."

National Academies Press, prepublication: Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Framework for Meeting 21st Century Imperatives, 2009.

Follow up to April 5, 2009 posting Senate Staff Working Draft of Cybersecurity Act of 2009, see this related CRS report: Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI): Legal Authorities and Policy Considerations, March 10, 2009

CDT: "A cybersecurity bill introduced April 01, 2009 in the Senate would give the federal government extraordinary power over private sector Internet services, applications and software. The Cybersecurity Act of 2009 would, for example, give the President unfettered power to shut down Internet traffic in emergencies or disconnect any critical infrastructure system or network on national security grounds. The bill would grant the Commerce Department the ability to override all privacy laws to access any information about Internet usage in connection with a new role in tracking cybersecurity threats. The bill, introduced by Sens. John Rockefeller and Olympia Snowe, would also give the government unprecedented control over computer software and Internet services, threatening innovation, freedom and privacy. CDT President and CEO Leslie Harris said, "The cybersecurity threat is real, but such a drastic federal intervention in private communications technology and networks could harm both security and privacy."

"In December 2003, the Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) was renamed the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) to better reflect the broad character of such criminal matters having a cyber (Internet) nexus. The 2008 Internet Crime Report is the eighth annual compilation of information on complaints received and referred by the IC3 to law enforcement or regulatory agencies for appropriate action. From January 1, 2008 – December 31, 2008, the IC3 website received 275,284 complaint submissions. This is a (33.1%) increase when compared to 2007 when 206,884 complaints were received. These filings were composed of complaints primarily related to fraudulent and non-fraudulent issues on the Internet."

WSJ: "The government's coordinator for cybersecurity programs has quit, criticizing what he described as the National Security Agency's grip on cybersecurity. Rod Beckstrom, a former Silicon Valley entrepreneur, said in his resignation letter that the NSA's central role in cybersecurity is "a bad strategy" because it is important to have a civilian agency taking a key role in the issue. The NSA is part of the Department of Defense."

"The Federal Trade Commission released the list of top consumer complaints received by the agency in 2008. The list, contained in the publication Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book for January-December 2008, showed that for the ninth year in a row, identity theft was the number one consumer complaint category. Of 1,223,370 complaints received in 2008, 313,982 – or 26 percent – were related to identity theft."

Data Loss Risks During Downsizing As Employees Exit, so does Corporate Data, February 23, 2009

News release: "President Obama has directed the National Security and Homeland Security Advisors to conduct an immediate review of the plan, programs, and activities underway throughout the government dedicated to cyber security. This 60-day interagency review will develop a strategic framework to ensure that U.S. Government cyber security initiatives are appropriately integrated, resourced and coordinated with Congress and the private sector. "The national security and economic health of the United States depend on the security, stability, and integrity of our Nation’s cyberspace, both in the public and private sectors. The President is confident that we can protect our nation’s critical cyber infrastructure while at the same time adhering to the rule of law and safeguarding privacy rights and civil liberties," said Assistant to the President for Counterterrorism and Homeland Security John Brennan. Melissa Hathaway, who has served as Cyber coordination Executive to the Director of National Intelligence, will lead the review and will serve as Acting Senior Director for Cyberspace for the National Security and Homeland Security Councils during the review period."

News release: "...experts from more than 30 US and international cyber security organizations jointly released the consensus list of the 25 most dangerous programming errors that lead to security bugs and that enable cyber espionage and cyber crime. Shockingly, most of these errors are not well understood by programmers; their avoidance is not widely taught by computer science programs; and their presence is frequently not tested by organizations developing software for sale. The impact of these errors is far reaching. Just two of them led to more than 1.5 million web site security breaches during 2008 - and those breaches cascaded onto the computers of people who visited those web sites, turning their computers into zombies."

The Top 25 Errors are listed below in three categories:

• Category: Insecure Interaction Between Components (9 errors)
  
• Category: Risky Resource Management (9 errors)
  
• Category: Porous Defenses (7 errors)

"The Global state of information security survey 2008 is a worldwide security survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers, CIO Magazine and CSO Magazine. It was conducted online from March 25 to June 26, 2008. Readers of CIO and CSO Magazines and clients of PricewaterhouseCoopers from around the globe were invited via email to take the survey. The results discussed in this report are based on the responses of more than 7,000 CEOs, CFOs, CIOs, CSOs, vice presidents and directors of IT and information security from 119 countries. Thirty-nine percent (39%) of respondents were from North America, twenty-seven percent (27%) from Europe, seventeen percent (17%) from Asia, fifteen percent (15%) from South America, and two percent (2%) from the Middle East and South Africa."

News release: "Reports of data breaches increased dramatically in 2008. The Identity Theft Resource Center's 2008 breach report reached 656 reported breaches at the end of 2008, reflecting an increase of 47% over last year’s total of 446. In terms of sub-divisions by type of entity, the rankings have not changed between 2007 and 2008 within the five groups that ITRC monitors. The financial, banking and credit industries have remained the most proactive groups in terms of data protection over all three years. The Government/Military category has dropped nearly 50% since 2006, moving from the highest number of breaches to the third highest."

"Thirty privacy, consumer, and civil liberties organizations sent a letter to President-elect Barack Obama on the importance of protecting privacy in the next administration. The organizations support the incoming president’s expressed on privacy, consumer rights, and civil liberties. President-elect Obama stated support for strengthening of privacy protection by harnessing the power of technology to hold government and businesses accountable for violations of personal privacy. The coalition said that “[t]here is a clear need to address the spiraling problems of identity theft, security breaches, and the commercialization of personal information.” For more information visit EPIC’s A-Z Privacy Page."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission issued a report today recommending five measures to help prevent Social Security numbers from being used for identity theft. Principal among the report’s recommendations is that Congress consider taking action to strengthen the procedures that private-sector organizations use to authenticate their customers’ identities...The FTC report states that adopting nationwide standards for how businesses and other organizations verify the identity of new and existing customers would make it harder for identity thieves to use SSNs and other stolen information to consummate their fraud...The FTC report also recommends that steps be taken to reduce the unnecessary display and transmission of SSNs, but noted that such restrictions must be approached carefully. A number of important functions in the U.S. economy depend on use of and access to SSNs, and the report concluded that overly restrictive attempts to limit the availability of SSNs could unintentionally curtail those functions. Finally, the report recommends steps to improve data security, increase outreach to consumers and businesses on the protection of SSNs, and enhance coordination and information-sharing among organizations that routinely use SSNs."

"The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Commission on Cybersecurity for the 44th Presidency has released its final report, Securing Cyberspace for the 44th Presidency. The Commission’s three major findings are: cybersecurity is now one of the major national security problems facing the United States; decisions and actions must respect American values related to privacy and civil liberties; and only a comprehensive national security strategy that embraces both the domestic and international aspects of cybersecurity will improve the situation."

From the ICC Commercial Crime Services (CCS) - "the anti-crime arm of the International Chamber of Commerce": Live Piracy Map 2008 - "This map shows all the piracy incidents reported by the IMB Piracy Centre in Kuala Lumpur during 2008. Please click on the pins for more details of the specific incident or zoom in for more accurate location information."

Online Threats to Youth: Solicitation, Harassment, and Problematic Content, Literature Review by the Research Advisory Board of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force, Andrew Schrock and Danah Boyd, Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University, Draft Version. November 14, 2008

Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report, Volume III: "Arbor Networks®, Inc., in cooperation with the Internet security operations community, has completed the third edition of an ongoing series of annual operational security surveys. This survey, covering a 12-month period from July 2006 through June 2007, is designed to provide data useful to network operators so that they can make informed decisions about their use of network security technology to protect their mission-critical infrastructures. It is also meant to serve as a general resource for the Internet operations and engineering community, recording information on trends and employment of various infrastructure security techniques."

Spamalytics: An Empirical Analysis of Spam Marketing Conversion, October 2008 - Chris Kanich, Christian Kreibich, Kirill Levchenko, Brandon Enright, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Vern Paxson† Stefan Savage

News release: "The total number of breaches in on the Identity Theft Resource Center’s 2008 breach list surpassed the final total of 446 reported in 2007, more than 4 months before the end of 2008. As of 9:30 a.m. August 22nd, the number of confirmed data breaches in 2008 stood at 449. The actual number of breaches is most likely higher, due to under-reporting and the fact that some of the breaches reported, which affect multiple businesses, are listed as single events. In the last few months, two subcontractors became examples of these “multiple” events. In one case, the customers and/or employees of at least 20 entities were affected by a breach that the ITRC reported as a single breach event."

Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President - Identity Management Task Force Report 2008, released September 2008

News release: "Attorney General Michael B. Mukasey and Federal Trade Commission Chairman William E. Kovacic announced today the release of a report from the President’s Identity Theft Task Force on progress the federal government has made in addressing identity theft since the Task Force’s Strategic Plan was released last year. Highlights of the report include expansion of the Task Force’s data security and identity theft business and consumer education campaigns; exploring means of improving consumer authentication processes to prevent the use of stolen information to commit identity theft; launching new initiatives to help identity theft victims recover; and improving law enforcement tools to investigate and prosecute identity thieves."

FOX News: "The World Bank Group's computer network — one of the largest repositories of sensitive data about the economies of every nation — has been raided repeatedly by outsiders for more than a year, FOX News has learned. It is still not known how much information was stolen. But sources inside the bank confirm that servers in the institution's highly-restricted treasury unit were deeply penetrated with spy software last April. Invaders also had full access to the rest of the bank's network for nearly a month in June and July. In total, at least six major intrusions — two of them using the same group of IP addresses originating from China — have been detected at the World Bank since the summer of 2007, with the most recent breach occurring just last month.

In a frantic midnight e-mail to colleagues, the bank's senior technology manager referred to the situation as an "unprecedented crisis." In fact, it may be the worst security breach ever at a global financial institution. And it has left bank officials scrambling to try to understand the nature of the year-long cyber-assault, while also trying to keep the news from leaking to the public."

News release: "Online scammers are taking advantage of tough economic times. While e-mails phishing for sensitive data are nothing new, scammers are taking advantage of upheavals in the financial marketplace to confuse consumers into parting with valuable personal information. The Federal Trade Commission urges caution regarding e-mails that look as if they come from a financial institution that recently acquired a consumer’s bank, savings and loan, or mortgage. In fact, these messages may be from “phishers” looking to use personal information – account numbers, passwords, Social Security numbers – to run up bills or commit other crimes in a consumer’s name. Consumers are warned not to take the bait. The FTC has advice about how to stay on guard against this type of scam. To learn more, see the consumer alert Bank Failures, Mergers and Takeovers: A ‘Phish-erman’s Special.

• OIG-08-94 - Evaluation of DHS' Information Security Program for Fiscal Year 2008 (PDF, 43 pages)
• EPA OIG, 08-P-0280, Fiscal Year 2008 Federal Information Security Management Act Report [Report PDF], September 26, 2008

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission’s Web site that helps consumers stay on guard against Internet fraud is revamping to provide extra tools for cyber safety. The FTC’s announcement of the newly designed and improved site comes on the first day of October, which is National Cyber Security Awareness Month. Since the September 2005 launch of www.OnGuardOnline.gov and its Spanish-language counterpart, www.AlertaEnLínea.gov, more than 8.1 million visitors have learned about computer security at these sites. Now, with the help of 22 federal agencies, industry organizations, and non-profit groups, the FTC has introduced a variety of new features to help consumers avoid Internet fraud, secure their computers, and protect their personal information...The articles, games, and videos on the site provide information on 16 topics, including social networking, phishing, spam scams, and laptop security."

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Unclassified Cyber Security Program - 2008, DOE/IG-0802 September 2008

Cybercrime against Businesses, 2005: "Presents the nature and prevalence of computer security incidents among 7,818 businesses in 2005. This is the first report to provide data on monetary loss and system downtime resulting from cyber incidents. It examines details on types of offenders, reporting of incidents to law enforcement, reasons for not reporting incidents, types of systems affected, and the most common security vulnerabilities. The report also compares in-house security to outsourced security in terms of prevalence of cyber attacks. Appendix tables include industry-level findings."

• Cyber Analysis and Warning: DHS Faces Challenges in Establishing a Comprehensive National Capability, GAO-08-588, July 31, 2008
• Critical Infrastructure Protection: DHS Needs to Better Address Its Cybersecurity Responsibilities, GAO-08-1157T, September 16, 2008
• Critical Infrastructure Protection: DHS Needs to Fully Address Lessons Learned from Its First Cyber Storm Exercise, GAO-08-825, September 09, 2008
• Environmental Health: EPA Efforts to Address Children's Health Issues Need Greater Focus, Direction, and Top-Level Commitment, GAO-08-1155T, September 16, 2008
• Information Technology: Federal Laws, Regulations, and Mandatory Standards to Securing Private Sector Information Technology Systems and Data in Critical Infrastructure Sectors, GAO-08-1075R, September 16, 2008
• Elections: Federal Program for Certifying Voting Systems Needs to Be Further Defined, Fully Implemented, and Expanded, GAO-08-814, September 16, 2008
• Diversity Management: Important Actions Taken and Planned to Further Enhance Diversity, GAO-08-1160T, September 16, 2008
• Digital Television Transition: Information on the Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program and Consumer Participation in the Program, GAO-08-1161T, September 16, 2008
• Diversity at GAO: Sustained Attention Needed to Build on Gains in SES and Managers, GAO-08-1156T, September 16, 2008
• Diversity at GAO: Sustained Attention Needed to Build on Gains in SES and Managers, GAO-08-1098, September 10, 2008

News release: "...today's topic is going to cover a different kind of vulnerability, not the vulnerability to identity but the vulnerability to the physical world in which we operate. That is our critical infrastructure. And I want in particular to talk about how these vulnerabilities look to me as we enter the 21st century, and what we have to do to reduce the risk to our critical infrastructure in the years to come."

Cyber Security Tip ST05-018 - Understanding Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): "Because VoIP relies on your internet connection, it may be vulnerable to any threats and problems that face your computer. The technology is still new, so there is some controversy about the potential for attack, but VoIP could make your telephone vulnerable to viruses and other malicious code. Attackers may be able to perform activities such as intercepting your communications, eavesdropping, conducting effective phishing attacks by manipulating your caller ID, and causing your service to crash. Activities that consume a large amount of network resources, like large file downloads, online gaming, and streaming multimedia, will also affect your VoIP service."

Threats to Internet Routing and Global Connectivity, 20th Annual FIRST Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada, June 2008 (69 page presentation) includes discussion of the following topics:

• Physical problems (Physical Infrastructure: Natural, accidental or intentional destruction)
  Earthquakes, Anchors/Backhoes, Hurricanes
• Routing Vulnerabilities (Logical Infrastructure: if routers cannot direct traffic appropriately, the Internet is broken.)
  Misconfigurations, hijacks, attacks
• Business Conflicts (Competitors might not want to exchange traffic.)
  De-peerings
Permanent Link

News release: "Today, the total number of breaches in on the Identity Theft Resource Center’s (ITRC) 2008 breach list surpassed the final total of 446 reported in 2007, more than 4 months before the end of 2008. As of 9:30 a.m. August 22nd, the number of confirmed data breaches in 2008 stood at 449. The actual number of breaches is most likely higher, due to under-reporting and the fact that some of the breaches reported, which affect multiple businesses, are listed as single events. In the last few months, two subcontractors became examples of these “multiple” events. In one case, the customers and/or employees of at least 20 entities were affected by a breach that the ITRC reported as a single breach event....Breaches: 449 Exposed: 22,091,338."

• ITRC 2008 Breach List
  
• 2008 ITRC Breach report
  
• 2008 ITRC Breach Stats Report broken down by categories which includes the percentages for each category (business, financial/credit, educational, governmental/military and health care).

News release: "Secretary Chertoff spoke on the balance between privacy and secure identity August 13 at the University of Southern California National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events. He addressed crimes involving identity theft, and talked about identity validation and authentication, the associated financial costs, the effect on illegal workers, the universe of tools available for identity management, and possible solutions that address the concerns of privacy advocates."

News release: "State attorneys general received thousands of consumer complaints of online fraud and abuse in 2006 and 2007 and yet, with the exception of several notable standouts, brought few significant cases in response, according to a report released today from the Center for American Progress and the Center for Democracy and Technology, Online Consumers at Risk and the Role of State Attorneys General."

Official Google Enterprise Blog: "In July, our Postini datacenters saw the biggest volume of email virus attacks so far in 2008, with a peak of nearly 10 million messages on July 24. One of the more prominent attacks in the month involved a spoofed UPS package-tracking link that was intended to lure recipients into clicking on it and downloading malware. Our zero-hour virus protection technology first started catching these emails on July 20."

M-08-21, FY 2008 Reporting Instructions for the Federal Information Security Management Act and Agency Privacy Management (July 14, 2008) (43 pages)

"Agencies should also submit their most current documentation related to OMB Memorandum M-07-16, of May 22, 2007, Safeguarding Against and Responding to the Breach of Personally Identifiable Information, This information should be provided in an appendix to your annual report and include the following items for your agency:

• Breach notification policy
  
• Implementation plan and progress update on eliminating unnecessary use of Social Security Numbers (SSN);
  
• Implementation plan and progress update on review and reduction of holdings of personally identifiable information (PII); and
  
• Policy outlining rules of behavior and identifying consequences and corrective actions available for failure to follow these rules."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission today released a staff report on a Roundtable Discussion on Phishing Education that it hosted in April. Approximately 60 experts from business, government, the technology sector, the consumer advocacy community, and academia met at the FTC to discuss strategies for outreach to consumers about avoiding phishing. Phishers use deceptive spam that appears to come from legitimate, well-known sources to trick consumers into divulging sensitive or personal information, such as credit account numbers or passwords, often through a link to a copycat of the purported source’s Web site."

Federal Trade Commission: "Financial institutions and creditors are now required to develop and implement written identity theft prevention programs under the new Red Flags Rules.

The Red Flags Rules are part of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions (FACT) Act of 2003. Under these Rules, financial institutions and creditors with covered accounts must have identity theft prevention programs in place by November 1, 2008, to identify, detect, and respond to patterns, practices, or specific activities that could indicate identity theft.

The Commission staff is launching an outreach effort to explain the Rules in greater detail. It has now published a general alert on what the Rules require, and, in particular, an explanation of which businesses - financial institutions and creditors - are covered by the Rules."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission plans to study the experiences of identity theft victims by conducting a survey of consumers who contacted the FTC after they were victimized. The proposed survey will examine the remedies available to victims under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT Act). Among other things, the FACT Act gave consumers the right to place fraud alerts on their credit files if they are, or suspect they may become, victims of identity theft; block information on their credit reports that resulted from identity theft; and obtain copies of their credit reports free of charge. The survey will seek information from identity theft victims who contacted the FTC between January 1 and May 30, 2008, and will inquire about their experiences when they contacted one or more credit reporting agencies and when they sought to use their FACT Act rights. The survey results will help guide the FTC’s efforts to enforce the law and educate consumers and the consumer reporting industry about their rights and duties."

News release: "The ITRC Breach Report total has reached an all-time high. Between January 1st and June 27th, the total number of data breaches recorded by the ITRC is 342, more than 69% greater than the same time period in 2007. The actual number of breaches is likely even higher, due to underreporting and the fact that some of the breaches reported as a single event actually affected multiple businesses.

The ITRC Breach Report sub-divides all breaches into five categories. To date, the 2008 ITRC Breach Stats Report indicates the following: 17.0% government/military agencies, 21.3% from educational institutions, 36.8% from general businesses, 14.9% from health care facilities / companies, and 10% from banking / credit / financial services entities.

Click here for the 2008 ITRC Breach report. Click here for the 2008 ITRC Breach Stats Report broken down by categories which includes the percentages for each category (business, financial/credit, educational, governmental/military and health care). Please check regularly as this list is updated weekly.

• Afghanistan Security: Further Congressional Action May Be Needed to Ensure Completion of a Detailed Plan to Develop and Sustain Capable Afghan National Security Forces, GAO-08-661, June 18, 2008
• Afghanistan Security: U.S. Efforts to Develop Capable Afghan Police Forces Face Challenges and Need a Coordinated, Detailed Plan to Help Ensure Accountability, GAO-08-883T, June 18, 2008
• Architect of the Capitol: Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency and Options for Decreasing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, GAO-08-917T, June 18, 2008
• Financial Audit: Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over the Processes Used to Prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements of the U.S. Government, GAO-08-748, June 17, 2008
• Homeland Security: The Federal Protective Service Faces Several Challenges That Hamper Its Ability to Protect Federal Facilities, GAO-08-683, June 11, 2008
• Homeland Security: The Federal Protective Service Faces Several Challenges That Raise Concerns About Protection of Federal Facilities, GAO-08-914T, June 18, 2008
• Privacy: Agencies Should Ensure That Designated Senior Officials Have Oversight of Key Functions, GAO-08-603, May 30, 2008
• Privacy: Alternatives Exist for Enhancing Protection of Personally Identifiable Information, GAO-08-536, April 19, 2008
• Privacy: Congress Should Consider Alternatives for Strengthening Protection of Personally Indentifiable Information, GAO-08-795T, June 18, 2008

A Guide to Protecting Your Identity Online, Rosemary Haworth, PC Advisor

Identity Theft: The Aftermath 2007. Conducted by the Identity Theft Resource Center® (ITRC) With comparisons to The Aftermath 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Surveys.

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission...told the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation that “legislation authorizing the Commission to seek civil penalties in spyware cases could add a potent remedy to those otherwise available to the Commission.” In testimony to the Committee, Eileen Harrington, Deputy Director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection, said that when other enforcement options – seeking consumer redress or making the operators give up their ill-gotten gains – are not appropriate or sufficient remedies to deter spyware distributors, “a civil penalty may be the most appropriate remedy and serve as a strong deterrent.” The testimony states that the agency supports legislation that would provide “the Commission this valuable law enforcement tool.”

OIG: The Social Security Administration's Internal Use of Employees' Social Security Numbers. A-13-07-27164 06/09/08

Do Data Breach Disclosure Laws Reduce Identity Theft? Sasha Romanosky, Rahul Telang, Alessandro Acquisti, Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University

Akamai, 1st Quarter 2008 - The State of the Internet Report.

"During the first quarter, Akamai observed attack traffic originating from 125 unique countries around the world. China and the United States were the two largest attack traffic sources, accounting for some 30% of this traffic in total. Akamai observed attack traffic targeted at 23 unique network ports. Many of the ports that saw the highest levels of attack traffic were targeted by worms, viruses, and bots that spread across the Internet several years ago. A number of major network “events” occurred during the first quarter that impacted millions of Internet users. Cable cuts in the Mediterranean Sea severed Internet connectivity between the Middle East and Europe, drastically slowing communications. Cogent’s de-peering of Telia
impacted Internet communications for selected Internet users in the United States and Europe for a two-week period. A routing change by Pakistan Telecom that spread across the Internet essentially took YouTube, a popular Internet video sharing site, offline for several hours.

Via Google Blogoscoped, "Google [has a] malware diagnosis service; just append any domain – your domain or another site you want to check on – to the end of the URL google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?site=, or paste a domain in the box below, and you will find an overview page listing potential problems like trojans or exploits (or the result may be telling you the site is OK)."

Chairman Kelliher testified before the House Homeland Security Committee, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology on Implications of Cyber Vulnerabilities on the Resiliency and Security of the Electric Grid

Yahoo Search Blog: "Today, we're announcing the beta release of SearchScan, a new feature from Yahoo! Search that helps protect users from viruses, spyware and spam. We've heard from users that security and privacy continue to be major concerns when they are online. We've also learned that solutions that require downloads and constant updating are less than ideal. To tackle the problem, we partnered with McAfee to build a feature that provides a safer and hassle-free search experience to all users...How does it work? SearchScan leverages McAfee's SiteAdvisor technology to alert users if risky websites appear in Yahoo! Search results. Starting today, SearchScan will be turned on by default for all users in the U.S., Canada, UK, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, and Spain..."

European Digital Rights: "The European Ministers of Justice and Internal Affairs have agreed to make publishing bomb-making instructions on the Internet a crime...Justice and interior ministers from the EU member states backed a proposal from Commissioner Frattini to harmonise the normative acts that will make the "public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, recruitment, and training for terrorism" a crime. According to the statements of the EU officials publishing these acts on the Internet completed the European legislation in this domain. They described the Internet as "a virtual training camp for militants, used to inspire and mobilise local groups." Gilles de Kerchove, the EU anti-terrorism co-ordinator, declared that there are approx. 5,000 websites that are used to radicalise young people."

• Council of Europe: Why terrorism? Addressing the Conditions Conducive to the Spread of Terrorism, Strasbourg, 25-26 April 2007, Conclusions
  
• EU Project on Cybercrime: Guidelines for the cooperation between law enforcement and internet providers against cybercrime, April 2, 2008 (provisional)

EPIC: "The International Working Group On Data Protection in Telecommunications has released a report and guidance (pdf) on privacy in social networking services. The report identifies risks to privacy and security, and provides guidance to regulators, service operators and users to counter these risks. Risks include the large amount of data collection; the misuse of profile data by third parties; insecure infrastructure and application programming interfaces. Regulators should ensure openness, and oblige data breach notification. Providers must be transparent; live up to promises made to users; and use privacy friendly defaults. Privacy and consumer groups are also
recommended to raise the awareness of regulators, providers and the general public."

The Inspectors General, Journal of Public Inquiry Fall/Winter 2007/08 (96 pages, PDF)

Inadequate Security Controls Over Routers and Switches Jeopardize Sensitive Taxpayer Information, March 26, 2008. Reference Number: 2008-20-071

News release: "According to the 2007 Internet Crime Report, the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) received 206,884 complaints of crimes perpetrated over the Internet during 2007. Of the complaints received, more than 90,000 were referred to law enforcement around the nation, amounting to nearly $240 million in reported losses. This represents a $40 million increase in reported losses from complaints referred to law enforcement in 2006. All complaints received by IC3 are accessible to federal, state, and local law enforcement to support active investigations, trend analysis, and public outreach and awareness efforts."

News release: "The Federal Trade Commission has released three 60-second videos to help alert consumers to phishing scams. Phishing uses deceptive spam to trick consumers into divulging sensitive or personal information, including credit card numbers and other financial data, through an email or a link to a “copycat” site. The goal of the videos is to offer practical, useful, and memorable messages. The videos are the newest tool on OnGuardOnline.gov, the agency’s multimedia initiative to help consumers be on guard against Internet fraud, secure their computers, and protect their personal information. The award-winning site features tips, articles, how-to videos, interactive quizzes, and tutorials in English and Spanish. The new videos also will be featured on YouTube and on the FTC Web site here."

Cybercrime Legislation - Country profiles: "These profiles have been prepared within the framework of the Council of Europe’s Project on Cybercrime in view of sharing information on cybercrime legislation and assessing the current state of implementation of the Convention on Cybercrime under national legislation. They do not necessarily reflect official positions of the countries covered or of the Council of Europe."

News release: "In the FTC’s action against data brokers Reed Elsevier (REI) and Seisint, the complaint alleges that REI - through its LexisNexis data broker business - and Seisint collect and store in databases information about millions of consumers, including names, current and prior addresses, dates of birth, drivers license numbers and Social Security numbers. They obtain information about consumers from credit reporting agencies and other sources, and sell products customers use online to find and retrieve the information from their databases. The companies relied on user IDs and passwords (or “user credentials”) to control customer access to consumer information in their databases."

"The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body whose purpose is the development and promotion of national and international policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing."

Exclusive TowerGroup Research Report: Bank Tech Spending in 2008: "Though banks’ IT budgets are likely to shrink if economic conditions worsen, demand for technologies that improve efficiency and integration, client engagement, and security and fraud management will continue, according to TowerGroup research."

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Inspector General, Office of Audit Services, Audit Report, Management of the Department's Publicly Accessible Websites, March 2008.

"Our audit identified several opportunities to improve the security and management of the Department's publicly accessible websites. Specifically:

• We identified over 50 significant cyber security incidents in the last three fiscal years, about half involving the defacement of web pages, which, in our judgment, could have been prevented had proper security controls been in place;
  
• Content on publicly accessible web servers was not always controlled and reviewed periodically, contributing to an additional eight incidents which involved the exposure of personally identifiable information to unauthorized or malicious sources; and,
  
• Most of the organizations reviewed also had not incorporated
  contingency/emergency planning features, provided accessibility for individuals with disabilities, and/or disabled unneeded computer services for their publicly accessible websites - factors that decreased the utility and increased the risk of malicious damage to those websites.

Press release: "...AirTight® Networks, the global leader for wireless intrusion prevention systems...issued the findings from its study to assess information security risk exposure of laptop users at fourteen airports in the United States, Canada and Asia. The company set out to understand the risks to business travelers and their corporate networks of data leakage while those airline passengers are sending sensitive information using unsecured wireless access points while at the airports. It found surprising results, however, regarding the security posture of private Wi-Fi networks in these airports as well as the rapid spread of viral Wi-Fi networks.

One of the most surprising findings of this initial study was that some ticketing systems, baggage systems, shops and restaurants were using open or poorly secured wireless networks. Of the Wi-Fi networks detected by AirTight researchers, 77 percent were non-hotspot (i.e. private) networks and of those, 80 percent were unsecured or using legacy WEP encryption, a fatally flawed protocol. Based on detailed analysis of these access points, there is a high probability that some of these networks are used for critical airport logistics and operations. The consequences of this lack of security could result in disruption of baggage or passenger ticketing systems."

DHS Fact Sheet: Cyber Storm II National Cyber Exercise - "In March 2008, the Department of Homeland Security’s National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) will sponsor its second large-scale national cyber exercise, Cyber Storm II. Planned in close coordination with and driven by its stakeholders and participants, the exercise will center on a cyber-focused scenario that will escalate to the level of a cyber incident requiring a coordinated Federal response. Exercises such as Cyber Storm II are critical in maintaining and strengthening cross-sector, inter-governmental and international relationships, enhancing processes and communications linkages, as well as ensuring continued improvement to cyber security procedures and processes. Cyber Storm II is part of Homeland Security's ongoing risk-based management effort to use exercises to enhance government and private sector response to a cyber incident, promote public awareness, and reduce cyber risk within all levels of government and the private sector."

HSS Office of Inspector General Privacy Act of 1974; Revisions to OIG’s Privacy Act System of Records: Criminal Investigative Files, Federal Register, March 4, 2008.

Chris Hoofnagle, Measuring Identity Theft at Top Banks (Version 1.0) February 26, 2008. Berkeley Center for Law and Technology. Law and Technology Scholarship (Selected by the Berkeley Center for Law & Technology). Paper 44.

Data Breach Notification Laws, State By State, by Scott Berinato, "More than five years after California's seminal data breach disclosure law, SB 1386, was enacted, not all states have followed suit. Eleven states still have not passed laws mandating that companies notify consumers when that company has lost the consumer's personal data. One state, Oklahoma, does have a breach notification law, but it only applies to state entities that have lost data. That leaves 38 states that have enacted some sort of breach disclosure law. This map will help you sort them out."

"The Safer Internet plus programme aims to promote safer use of the Internet and new online technologies, particularly for children, and to fight against illegal content and content unwanted by the end-user, as part of a coherent approach by the European Union."

News release: "A bi-partisan group of Senators from the Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee led by U.S. Senators Olympia J. Snowe (R-Maine), Bill Nelson (D-Florida) and the Committee’s Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), introduced today bi-partisan legislation aimed at ending the deceptive practice known as phishing. The Anti-Phishing Consumer Protection Act of 2008 would prohibit phishing – the deceptive solicitation of a consumer’s personal information through the use of emails, instant messages, and misleading websites that trick recipients into divulging their information for the purpose of identity theft. The legislation would also prohibit related abuses, such as the practice of using fraudulent or misleading domain names, by defining them as deceptive practices under the FTC Act."

Lest We Remember: Cold Boot Attacks on Encryption Keys, J. Alex Haldermany, Seth D. Schoenz, Nadia Heningery, William Clarksony, William Paulx, Joseph A. Calandrinoy, Ariel J. Feldmany, Jacob Appelbaum, and Edward W. Felteny. Princeton University, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Wind River Systems. February 21, 2008.

• Introductory blog post


• Frequently asked questions


• Experiment guide


• Videos and images


• Abstract: "Contrary to popular assumption, DRAMs used in most modern computers retain their contents for seconds to minutes after power is lost, even at room temperature and even if removed from a motherboard. Although DRAMs become less reliable when they are not refreshed, they are not immediately erased, and their contents persist sufficiently for malicious (or forensic) acquisition of usable full-system memory images. We show that this phenomenon limits the ability of an operating system to protect cryptographic key material from an attacker with physical access. We use cold reboots to mount successful attacks on popular disk encryption systems using no special devices or materials. We experimentally characterize the extent and predictability of memory remanence and report that remanence times can be increased dramatically with simple techniques. We offer new algorithms for finding cryptographic keys in memory images and for correcting errors caused by bit decay. Though we discuss several strategies for partially mitigating these risks, we know of no simple remedy that would eliminate them."

"The FTC today released the list of top consumer fraud complaints received by the agency in 2007. The list, contained in the publication Consumer Fraud and Identity Theft Complaint Data January-December 2007, showed that for the seventh year in a row, identity theft is the number one consumer complaint category. Of 813,899 total complaints received in 2007, 258,427, or 32 percent, were related to identity theft.

The report breaks out complaint data on a state-by-state basis and also contains data about the 50 metropolitan areas reporting the highest per capita incidence of fraud and the 50 metropolitan areas reporting the highest incidence of identity theft.

The report states that credit card fraud was the most common form of reported identity theft at 23 percent, followed by utilities fraud at 18 percent, employment fraud at 14 percent, and bank fraud at 13 percent.

Consumers reported fraud losses totaling more than $1.2 billion; the median monetary loss per person was $349, the report states.

Educational Security Incidents (ESI) Year in Review - 2007: "By Adam Dodge - Posted on February 10, 2008: "The ESI Year in Review - 2007 examines all of the information security incidents occurring at colleges and universities around the world as reported in the news during 2007. 2007 marked a significant change for information security incidents reported in the news. Among the changes are an increase in both the number of incidents reported and the number of institutions reporting a breach as well as the addition to new categories such as incident type "Employee Fraud" and information type "Username and Password".

Press release: "In connection with the 5th Safer Internet Day1 on 12 February 2008, Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, presents a selection of statistics concerning internet activities, security concerns and virus attacks. The Safer Internet Day is part of a global drive to promote a safer Internet for all users, in particular younger people, and is organised by Insafe, a European internet safety network co-funded by the European Commission...In the EU27 in 2007, nearly a quarter of internet users had had a computer virus in the preceding 12 months, which resulted in a loss of information or time. Virus attacks were most frequent in Lithuania (41% of users), Slovenia (35%) and Malta (34%) and least common in the Czech Republic (7%), Estonia (15%) and Sweden (16%)."

"Cisco® today announced key findings from its annual global study on remote workers' security awareness and online behavior, indicating how they can inadvertently heighten risks for themselves and the companies they work for. The study's findings are prompting Cisco security executives to offer recommendations to information technology (IT) professionals on how to protect their companies against threats and maximize the business benefits of distributed and mobile workforces."

Annual Threat Assessment of the Director of National Intelligence for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, February 5, 2008, J. Michael McConnell, Director of National Intelligence (47 pages, PDF).

Press release: "The FBI has recently developed information indicating cyber criminals are attempting to once again send fraudulent e-mails to unsuspecting recipients stating that someone has filed a complaint against them or their company with the Department of Justice or another organization such as the Internal Revenue Service, Social Security Administration, or the Better Business Bureau."
Related resources:

A Chronology of Data Breaches, updated January 30, 2008

"Criminals are hard at work thinking up creative ways to get malware on your computer, warns the Federal Trade Commission. With appealing Web sites, desirable downloads, and compelling stories, these criminals try to lure consumers to links that will download malware, especially on computers that don’t use adequate security software. Then, they use the malware – malicious software – to steal personal information, send spam, and commit fraud. A new publication from the FTC has information that could help consumers protect their computers against malware and reclaim their computer and electronic information if malware is already on their computer. The publication, Minimizing the Effects of Malware, provides tips on spotting malware, and urges consumers to act immediately if they suspect their computer is affected by malware."

"The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved eight new mandatory critical infrastructure protection (CIP) reliability standards to protect the nation’s bulk power system against potential disruptions from cyber security breaches. These reliability standards were developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), which FERC has designated as the electric reliability organization (ERO)...The final rule, Mandatory Reliability Standards for Critical Infrastructure Protection, takes effect 60 days from the later of either the date Congress receives the agency notice of the rule, or the date the rule is published in the Federal Register."

The eight CIP reliability standards address the following topics:
* Critical Cyber Asset Identification;
* Security Management Controls;
* Personnel and Training;
* Electronic Security Perimeters;
* Physical Security of Critical Cyber Assets;
* Systems Security Management;
* Incident Reporting and Response Planning; and
* Recovery Plans for Critical Cyber Assets.

SANS NewsBites - Volume: X, Issue: 5

Press release: "USA*Engage and the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) today sent formal comments to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), recommending that the Commission reconsider its proposal to further develop mechanisms to facilitate greater access to companies’ disclosures concerning their business activities in or with certain countries designated as “state sponsors of terrorism.” In comments sent to the SEC, the associations noted that U.S. companies operating in such countries are conducting legal, legitimate business, and that the proposed mechanism actually punishes those companies who are most transparent."

Keep Your Enemies Close: Distance Bounding Against Smartcard Relay Attacks, by Saar Drimer and Steven J. Murdoch, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge

Washington Post, Online Records May Aid ID Theft, Government Sites Post Personal Data, By Bill Brubaker: "Social Security numbers are readily available in many courthouses -- in land records and criminal and civil case files -- as well as on many government Web sites that serve up public documents with a few clicks of a mouse. From state to state, and even within states, there is little uniformity in how access to the private information in these records is controlled."

US State Department's Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) Activity Report: November 2007

Press release: "In a new report, the Federal Trade Commission staff describes findings from its July 2007 workshop, “Spam Summit: The Next Generation of Threats and Solutions” and proposes follow-up action steps that stakeholders can adopt to mitigate the harmful effects of malicious spam and phishing. In addition to proposing action steps for stakeholders, the report provides an overview of the agency’s decade-long role in protecting consumers from the threats of fraudulent spam and phishing. The report also announces results from staff’s 2007 Harvesting and Filtering Study, which suggest that Internet service providers’ spam filters continue to serve an integral role in reducing the amount of spam that reaches consumers’ in-boxes."

Ponemon 2007 Annual Study: U.S. Cost of a Data Breach - Understanding Financial Impact, Customer Turnover, and Preventitive Solutions: This study "was derived from a detailed analysis of 35 data breach incidents. According to the study, the cost per compromised customer record increased in 2007, compared to 2006. Lost business opportunity, including losses associated with customer churn and acquisition, represented the most significant component of the cost increase. Companies analyzed were from 16 different industries, including communications, consumer goods, education, entertainment, financial services, gaming, health care, hospitality, internet, manufacturing, marketing, media, retail, services, technology, and transportation."

DOE OIG Special Report: Management Challenges at the Department of Energy, December 2007

Press release: "The widespread use and availability of Social Security numbers puts Americans at risk for identity theft and should be restricted, according to Consumers Union, nonprofit publisher of Consumer Reports. The group urged policymakers to take action to protect consumers as part of a public forum on the issue organized by the Federal Trade Commission in conjunction with the President’s Identity Theft Task Force. Social Security numbers are particularly sensitive information because they can provide the key to unlocking a consumer’s financial identity... Jeannine Kenney, Senior Policy Analyst with Consumers Union...presented findings of a Consumer Reports National Research Center poll at the FTC forum showing that 89 percent of Americans want state and federal lawmakers to restrict the use and availability of Social Security numbers by businesses and government agencies. The poll also found that nearly all consumers want the right to freeze access to their credit files to prevent new account fraud. Currently 39 states and the District of Columbia give consumers the right to a security freeze and the three major credit bureaus have made the freeze available to consumers in the remaining states."

Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress, Updated November 15, 2007. "Cybercrime is becoming more organized and established as a transnational business. High technology online skills are now available for rent to a variety of customers, possibly including nation states, or individuals and groups that could
secretly represent terrorist groups. The increased use of automated attack tools by cybercriminals has overwhelmed some current methodologies used for tracking Internet cyberattacks, and vulnerabilities of the U.S. critical infrastructure, which are acknowledged openly in publications, could possibly attract cyberattacks to extort money, or damage the U.S. economy to affect national security...This report discusses options now open to nation states, extremists, or terrorist groups for obtaining malicious technical services from cybercriminals to meet political or military objectives, and describes the possible effects of a coordinated cyberattack against the U.S. critical infrastructure."

Awareness of Security Freeze Legislation and Use of Security Freezes by Consumers Age 18+ Research Report, Jennifer H. Sauer, M.A., AARP Knowledge Management, Neal Walters, AARP Public Policy Institute, November 2007

McAfee Virtual Criminology Report - Cybercrime: The Next Wave - The annual McAfee global cyber trends study into organized crime and the Internet in collaboration with leading international security experts, November 2007.

Press release: "The Federal Trade Commission today released a survey showing that 8.3 million American adults, or 3.7 percent of all American adults, were victims of identity theft in 2005. Of the victims, 3.2 million, or 1.4 percent of all adults, experienced misuse of their existing credit card accounts; 3.3 million, or 1.5 percent, experienced misuse of non-credit card accounts; and 1.8 million victims, or 0.8 percent, found that new accounts were opened or other frauds were committed using their personal identifying information."

20 November 2007, Statement to the House of Commons by Chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair Darling, MP, on HMRC

"Fraud Awareness Week is dedicated to promoting fraud awareness and educating businesses and the public about the growing global impact of fraud. Therefore, this is an appropriate time to address and promote basic steps that can be taken to recognize, report, and reduce the risk of becoming a victim of fraudulent activities. In recognition of Fraud Awareness Week, NCJRS presents this online compilation of resources addressing fraud:

The University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Lab Dark Web project: "Based on our actual spidering experience over the past 5 years, we believe there are about 50,000 sites of extremist and terrorist content as of 2007, including: web sites, forums, blogs, social networking sites, video sites, and virtual world sites (e.g., Second Life). The largest increase in 2006-2007 is in various new Web 2.0 sites (forums, videos, blogs, virtual world, etc.) in different languages (i.e., for home-grown groups, particularly in Europe). We have found significant terrorism content in more than 15 languages...We believe our Dark Web collection is the largest open-source extremist and terrorist collection in the academic world."

Press release: "Starting November 1, consumers in all 50 states will be able to freeze access to their credit files at all three major credit bureaus to prevent identity thieves from opening fraudulent accounts in their names. By that date, all three major credit bureaus will offer “security freeze” protection to all consumers living in the eleven states that have not passed laws requiring it and the five states that currently limit this protection to identity theft victims. To help consumers learn how to take advantage of this powerful identity theft safeguard, Consumers Union, the nonprofit publisher of Consumer Reports, is making available online an updated Guide to Security Freeze Protection."

Text of the Federal Register Notice [256 pages, PDF] - Identity Theft Red Flags and Address Discrepancies Under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003: 16 C.F.R. Part 681 (Federal Trade Commission Rule): Joint Final Rules and Guidelines of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Treasury; the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; the Offfice of Thrift Supervision, Treasury; the National Credit Union Administration; and the Federal Trade Commission.

CDT: "As it seeks models to address the mounting issues surrounding online behavioral targeting, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) should begin by applying the principles it developed to guide its anti-spyware enforcement efforts, CDT said today. In comments submitted to the FTC in advance of its upcoming "town hall" meeting on behavioral advertising, CDT pointed out that the FTC's principles -- which center around the core concept that consumers should have ultimate control over their computers -- are directly applicable to behavioral advertising. In addition to filing its own comments, CDT also joined with other public interest advocates in offering a list of important questions the FTC must address over the course of the two-day meeting."

Press release, October 16, 2007: "Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) and Ranking Member Arlen Specter (R-Pa.) today introduced the bipartisan Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act of 2007 to give federal prosecutors important new tools to combat the growing problem of identity theft and cyber crime.

The Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act of 2007 would:

Press release: "With a full twelve months under our belt, today OpenDNS published the first-ever PhishTank annual report. The report looks at the more than 300,000 phishes you’ve submitted and helped verify over the course of one year. While some of the report’s findings come as no surprise (e.g., PayPal and eBay round out the top of the list of most spoofed brands), some are alarming. Perhaps the most important finding, and the one that drove us to come up with a fix, is that U.S. telecoms are hosting more phishes than telecoms in any other country."

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Computer Security Division: "SP 800-44 version 2, Guidelines on Securing Public Web Servers, is published as final. It is intended to aid organizations in the installation, configuration, and maintenance of secure public Web servers. It presents recommendations for securing Web server operating systems, applications, and content; protecting Web servers through the supporting network infrastructure; and administering Web servers securely. SP 800-44 version 2 also provides guidance on using authentication and encryption technologies to protect information on Web servers."

"Two of the key findings from this year’s Global Security Survey revolve around an organization’s people and a paradox that has been around for years. The weakest link in an organization’s security is its people. An organization’s people include employees, customers, third parties and business partners. And of those people, the highest number of breaches are perpetrated via the customer. Even though information security incidents are grabbing the attention of business executives and boards, these individuals do not yet feel that they “own” the problem. In their estimation, the execution of solutions is the mandate of IT. This information security paradox has been alive and well for years; the 2007 security survey confirms just how widespread it is."

National Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy - Unclassified Summary, October 2007

European Security Research Agenda: European Commission Working documents: Public-Private Dialogue in Security Research and Innovation: Summary of the Impact Assessment (SEC (2007); Public-Private Dialogue in Security Research and Innovation: Impact Assessment (SEC (2007)

StaySafeOnline.org: "The National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA), a consortium of government agencies and private industry sponsors, is proud to designate October 2007 as National Cyber Security Awareness Month (NCSAM). National Cyber Security Awareness Month is a national campaign designed to increase the public's awareness of cyber security and cyber crime issues so that users can take precautions to avoid these threats on the Internet. The month will feature a number of initiatives including public relations activities, educational programs and events that target Home Users, Small Businesses, Education audiences (K-12 and higher education), and Child Safety online."

Press release: "Committee on Homeland Security Committee Chairman Bennie G. Thompson (D-MS) and Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology Chairman James R. Langevin (D-RI) sent a letter on Friday to Richard L. Skinner, Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security to request an investigation into cyber attacks on the Department initiated by foreign entities and relating to incompetent and possibly illegal activity by the contractor charged with maintaining security on its networks. Links to the letter and its enclosure."

Press release: "Attorney General Andrew Cuomo announced today that his office is investigating Facebook over representations the company makes about safety measures in place on its website. In a letter accompanying a subpoena for docume