Rhodes, Jesse H. and Johnson, Kaylee, The Politics of Group Targeting in Presidential Campaign Advertisements: A Preliminary Investigation (February 5, 2015). Available for download at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2560998

“This paper develops a theory of the frequency and tone of group appeals in presidential campaign advertisements. Using data from the 2008 presidential election campaign, it provides a preliminary investigation of the dynamics of group appeals.“